自定义实现ContentProvider数据共享

今天一天就弄懂了这个原理。一定要注意uri对应方法。uri表达当时不清楚的可以百度看看哈

创建ContentProvider的步骤：

1、该子类继承ContentProvider，并实现增删改查方法
2、AndroidManifest.xml文件中注册该ContentProvider
开发ContentProvider实现的增删改查都需要Uri参数，Android提供了UriMatcher工具类
例子：将上次开发保存生词的应用编程实现数据共享
1、定义一个WrodsUtil类，用来存放ContentProvider访问的常用入口
2、定义DictProvider类继承ContentProvider并重写增删改查方法
3、在Manifest中注册ContentProvider
-------在另外一个应用程序中使用此ContentProvider暴漏的数据
1、创建ContentResolver类，

2、调用提供的增删改查方法。传入uri路径即可

WordsUtil.java该类提供了静态的常用属性。方便调用和使用。

package lzl.edu.com.savewords;

import android.net.Uri;
import android.provider.BaseColumns;

/**
 * Created by admin on 2015/9/29.
 */
public final class WordsUtil  {
    /**
     * 该类主要用于提供 ContentProvider访问的常用入口
     */
    public static final String AUTHORITY = "lzl.edu.com.savewords";
    public static final class words implements BaseColumns{
        //定义Content允许操作的三个数据列
        public static final String _ID = "_id";
        public static final String WORD = "word";
        public static final String EXPALAIN = "explain";
        //定义content提供服务的两个uri
        public static final Uri DICT_CONTENT_URI = Uri.parse("content://"+AUTHORITY+"/words");
        public static final Uri WORD_CONTENT_URI = Uri.parse("content://"+AUTHORITY+"/word");
    }
}

DictProvider.java  该类继承ContentProvider类，实现了增删改查的方法

package lzl.edu.com.savewords;

import android.content.ContentProvider;
import android.content.ContentUris;
import android.content.ContentValues;
import android.content.UriMatcher;
import android.database.Cursor;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase;
import android.net.Uri;
import android.util.Log;

/**
 * Created by admin on 2015/9/29.
 */
public class DictProvider extends ContentProvider {
    //创建工作
   public static UriMatcher matcher = new UriMatcher(UriMatcher.NO_MATCH);
    public static final int WORDS = 1;
    public static final int WORD = 2;
    private MySQLHelper sqlHelper;
    static {
        //在UriMather中注册Uri
        matcher.addURI(WordsUtil.AUTHORITY,"words",WORDS );
        matcher.addURI(WordsUtil.AUTHORITY,"word/#",WORD);
    }
    @Override
    public boolean onCreate() {
        //初始化DictProvider时，创建MySQLHelper对象
        sqlHelper = new MySQLHelper(this.getContext(),"mysql.db",1);
        Log.i("onCreate:","----------");
        return true;
    }

    @Override
    public Cursor query(Uri uri, String[] projection, String selection, String[] selectionArgs, String sortOrder) {
        SQLiteDatabase db = sqlHelper.getReadableDatabase();
        switch (matcher.match(uri)){
            case WORDS:
                return db.query("mywords",projection,selection,selectionArgs,null,null,sortOrder);
            case WORD:
                //解析出要删除的记录
                long id = ContentUris.parseId(uri);
                String where = WordsUtil.words._ID+"="+id;
                if(selection!=null&&!selection.equals("")){
                    where = where +"and"+ selection;
                }
                return  db.query("mywords", projection, where, selectionArgs, null, null, sortOrder);
            default:
                throw new IllegalArgumentException("未知uri："+uri);
        }
    }
//返回指定uri参数对应的数据MIME类型

    /**
     * 这里主要说下Url所代表数据的MIME类型：

     如果操作的数据属于集合类型，那么MIME类型字符串应该以vnd.android.cursor.dir/开头，

     例如：要得到所有mywords记录的Uri为content://lzl.edu.com.savewords/mywords，那么返回的MIME类型字符串应该为："vnd.android.cursor.dir/mywords"。

     如果要操作的数据属于非集合类型数据，那么MIME类型字符串应该以vnd.android.cursor.item/开头，

     例如：得到id为1234的person记录，Uri为content://lzl.edu.com.savewords/mywords/1234，那么返回的MIME类型字符串为："vnd.android.cursor.item/mywords"。
     * @param uri
     * @return
     */
    @Override
    public String getType(Uri uri) {
        switch (matcher.match(uri)){
            //操作多项记录
            case WORDS:
                return "vnd.android.cursor.dir/words";
            //操作单项记录
            case WORD:
                return "vnd.android.cursor.item/word";
            default:
                throw new IllegalArgumentException("未知uri："+uri);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public Uri insert(Uri uri, ContentValues values) {
        //获得SQLiteDatabase实例
        SQLiteDatabase db = sqlHelper.getReadableDatabase();
        //插入数据，返回rowId
        long rowId = db.insert("mywords",WordsUtil.words._ID,values);
        Log.i("id----",rowId+"");
        //如果插入成功，则返回Uri
        if(rowId>0){
            Uri wordsUri = ContentUris.withAppendedId(uri,rowId);
            //通知数据已经改变
            getContext().getContentResolver().notifyChange(uri,null);
            return wordsUri;
        }
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public int delete(Uri uri, String selection, String[] selectionArgs) {
        int num=0;
        SQLiteDatabase db = sqlHelper.getWritableDatabase();
        switch (matcher.match(uri)){
            case WORD:
               num =  db.delete("mywords",selection,selectionArgs);
                break;
            case WORDS:
                //解析出要删除的记录
                long id = ContentUris.parseId(uri);
                String where = WordsUtil.words._ID+"="+id;
                if(selection!=null&&!selection.equals("")){
                    where = where +"and"+ selection;
                }
                num = db.delete("mywords",where,selectionArgs);
                break;
            default:
                throw  new IllegalArgumentException("未知uri："+uri);
        }
        //通知数据已经改变
        getContext().getContentResolver().notifyChange(uri,null);
        return num;
    }

    @Override
    public int update(Uri uri, ContentValues values, String selection, String[] selectionArgs) {
        int num;
        SQLiteDatabase db = sqlHelper.getWritableDatabase();
        Log.i("matcher.match(uri)",matcher.match(uri)+"");
        switch (matcher.match(uri)){
            case WORDS:
                num = db.update("mywords",values,selection,selectionArgs);
                break;
            case WORD:
                //解析出要删除的记录
                long id = ContentUris.parseId(uri);
                String where = WordsUtil.words._ID+"="+id;
                if(selection!=null&&!selection.equals("")){
                    where = where +"and"+ selection;
                }
                num = db.update("mywords", values, where, selectionArgs);
                break;
            default:
                throw  new IllegalArgumentException("未知uri："+uri);
        }
        getContext().getContentResolver().notifyChange(uri,null);
        return num;
    }
}

在AndroidManifest.xml中注册provider

 <!--注册一个ContentProvider-->
        <provider
            android:name=".DictProvider"
            android:authorities="lzl.edu.com.savewords"
            android:exported="true"
            />

在另外一个应用程序中，便可以调用该应用程序的数据了。注意这里使用的WordUtil类。

MainActivity.java

package lzl.edu.com.contentresolvertest;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.ContentResolver;
import android.content.ContentValues;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.database.Cursor;
import android.net.Uri;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.EditText;
import android.widget.Toast;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

public class MainActivity extends Activity implements View.OnClickListener {


    EditText mEWord, mEMean, mESearch;
    Button mBSave, mBSearch;
    private ContentResolver resolver;
    Uri uri = Uri.parse("content://lzl.edu.com.savewords.DicProvider/mywords");

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        resolver = getContentResolver();
        //创建数据库对象
        mEWord = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.myword_edit);
        mEMean = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.mymean_edit);
        mESearch = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.mysearch_edit);
        mBSave = (Button) findViewById(R.id.save_btn);
        mBSearch = (Button) findViewById(R.id.select_btn);

        mBSearch.setOnClickListener(this);
        mBSave.setOnClickListener(this);
    }


    @Override
    public void onClick(View v) {
        switch (v.getId()) {
            case R.id.save_btn://插入语句
                String word = mEWord.getText().toString();
                String mean = mEMean.getText().toString();
                ContentValues values = new ContentValues();
                values.put(WordsUtil.words.WORD,word);
                values.put(WordsUtil.words.EXPALAIN,mean);
                Uri id= resolver.insert(WordsUtil.words.DICT_CONTENT_URI,values);
                if(id!=null){
                    Toast.makeText(this, "保存成功！", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
                }else{
                    Toast.makeText(this,"保存失败！",Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
                }
                break;
            case R.id.select_btn:
                String key = mESearch.getText().toString();
                //调用查询语句，返回Cursor类的对象
                Cursor cursor = resolver.query(WordsUtil.words.DICT_CONTENT_URI,
                        null,"word like ? or explain like ?",
                        new String[]{"%"+key+"%","%"+key+"%"},null);

                //将Cursor类的数据封装成ArrayList集合。并放到另一个Activity中显示
                Intent intent = new Intent(MainActivity.this,DialogActivity.class);
                intent.putExtra("data",CursorList(cursor));
                startActivity(intent);
                break;
        }
    }


    //将获取的cursor存到List集合中
    public ArrayList<Map<String, String>> CursorList(Cursor cursor) {
        ArrayList<Map<String, String>> list = new ArrayList<Map<String, String>>();
        //遍历游标，将数据存储到list集合中
        while (cursor.moveToNext()) {
            Map<String, String> list_item = new HashMap<String, String>();
            list_item.put("word", cursor.getString(1));
            list_item.put("explain", cursor.getString(2));
            list.add(list_item);
        }
        return list;
    }

    @Override
    protected void onDestroy() {
        super.onDestroy();
    }
}