自定义PopupWindow，带显示隐藏动画、全屏背景以及触摸屏幕空白区域消失的功能

先来大致介绍写PopupWindow的常规默认状态的几点不好的地方：

1.显示隐藏的时候都是瞬间的，没有任何过度动画。

2.无法通过点击屏幕的空白区域使其关闭。

3.无法在弹窗显示的时候，在其背后加上黑色遮罩。

用过AlertDialog的同学会发现，其实上面三个特性AlertDialog都是自带的效果或通过自带api可以轻松实现，那么我们为什么非要使用PopupWindow呢？那是因为AlertDialog的显示位置非常难调整，并且应为AlertDialog的默认背景是一个sprite9的图片（黑色遮罩），导致他的宽度无法满屏。所以我们需要使用PopupWindow来解决上述问题。

PopupWindow有两种基本的显示方式：

1.显示在某个view的正左下方

    /**
     * <p>Display the content view in a popup window anchored to the bottom-left
     * corner of the anchor view. If there is not enough room on screen to show
     * the popup in its entirety, this method tries to find a parent scroll
     * view to scroll. If no parent scroll view can be scrolled, the bottom-left
     * corner of the popup is pinned at the top left corner of the anchor view.</p>
     *
     * @param anchor the view on which to pin the popup window
     *
     * @see #dismiss()
     */
    public void showAsDropDown(View anchor) {
        showAsDropDown(anchor, 0, 0);
    }

2.显示在父view的指定位置（底部，顶部等）

    /**
     * <p>
     * Display the content view in a popup window at the specified location. If the popup window
     * cannot fit on screen, it will be clipped. See {@link android.view.WindowManager.LayoutParams}
     * for more information on how gravity and the x and y parameters are related. Specifying
     * a gravity of {@link android.view.Gravity#NO_GRAVITY} is similar to specifying
     * <code>Gravity.LEFT | Gravity.TOP</code>.
     * </p>
     * 
     * @param parent a parent view to get the {@link android.view.View#getWindowToken()} token from
     * @param gravity the gravity which controls the placement of the popup window
     * @param x the popup's x location offset
     * @param y the popup's y location offset
     */
    public void showAtLoc