用Scala实现一个纯函数风格的引用透明的伪随机数生成器

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这个例子来源于scala圣经级教程《Functional Programming in Scala》，由于本人跟着书中的代码敲了一遍，然后写了点测试代码验证了一下正确性，所以就放在这做个备忘吧。贴出来只是为了方便自己，如果看不懂，但是又感兴趣的就去看原书吧……

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package state

trait RNG {
  def nextInt: (Int, RNG)
}

object RNG {

  case class Simple(seed: Long) extends RNG {
    override def nextInt: (Int, RNG) = {
      val newSeed = (seed * 0x5DEECE66DL + 0xBL) & 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFL
      val nextRNG = Simple(newSeed)
      val n = (newSeed >>> 16).toInt
      (n, nextRNG)
    }
  }

  def nonNegativeInt(rng: RNG): (Int, RNG) = {
    val (i, r) = rng.nextInt
    (if (i < 0) -(i + 1) else i, r)
  }

  /**
    * We generate an integer >= 0 and divide it by one higher than the maximum. This is just one possible solution.
    *
    * @param rng
    * @return
    */
  def double(rng: RNG): (Double, RNG) = {
    val (i, r) = nonNegativeInt(rng)
    (i / Int.MaxValue.toDouble + 1, r)
  }

  def boolean(rng: RNG): (Boolean, RNG) = {

    rng.nextInt match {
      case (i, rng2) => (i % 2 == 0, rng2)
    }
  }

  def intDouble(rng: RNG): ((Int, Double), RNG) = {
    val (i, r1) = rng.nextInt
    val (d, r2) = double(r1)
    ((i, d), r2)
  }

  def doubleInt(rng: RNG): ((Double, Int), RNG) = {
    val ((i, d), r) = intDouble(rng)
    ((d, i), r)
  }

  def double3(rng: RNG): ((Double, Double, Double), RNG) = {
    val (d1, r1) = double(rng)
    val (d2, r2) = double(r1)
    val (d3, r3) = double(r2)
    ((d1, d2, d3), r3)
  }


  // A simple recursive solution
  def ints(count: Int)(rng: RNG): (List[Int], RNG) =
    if (count == 0) (List(), rng) else {
      val (x, r1) = rng.nextInt
      val (xs, r2) = ints(count - 1)(r1)
      (x :: xs, r2)
    }

  // A tail-recursive solution
  def ints2(count: Int)(rng: RNG): (List[Int], RNG) = {
    def go(count: Int, r: RNG, xs: List[Int]): (List[Int], RNG) =
      if (count == 0)
        (xs, r)
      else {
        val (x, r2) = r.nextInt
        go(count - 1, r2, x :: xs)
      }

    go(count, rng, List())
  }

  type Rand[+A] = RNG => (A, RNG)

  /**
    * int是：   val int: Rand[Int] = (rng: RNG) => rng.nextInt 的简写
    */
  val int: Rand[Int] = _.nextInt

  def unit[A](a: A): Rand[A] = rng => (a, rng)

  def map[A, B](s: Rand[A])(f: A => B): Rand[B] = {
    rng => {
      val (a, rng2) = s(rng)
      (f(a), rng2)
    }
  }


  val _double: Rand[Double] = map(nonNegativeInt)(_ / (Int.MaxValue.toDouble + 1))

  def map2[A, B, C](ra: Rand[A], rb: Rand[B])(f: (A, B) => C): Rand[C] = {
    rng => {
      val (a, rng1) = ra(rng)
      val (b, rng2) = rb(rng1)
      (f(a, b), rng2)
    }
  }

  def both[A, B](ra: Rand[A], rb: Rand[B]): Rand[(A, B)] = map2(ra, rb)((_, _))

  val randIntDouble: Rand[(Int, Double)] = both(int, double)

  val randDoubleInt: Rand[(Double, Int)] = both(double, int)

  def sequence[A](fs: List[Rand[A]]): Rand[List[A]] = fs.foldRight(unit(List[A]()))((f, acc) => map2(f, acc)(_ :: _))

  def _ints(n: Int): Rand[List[Int]] = sequence(List.fill(n)(int))


  def flatMap[A, B](f: Rand[A])(g: A => Rand[B]): Rand[B] = rng => {
    val (a, r1) = f(rng)
    g(a)(r1) // pass the new state along
  }


  def nonNegativeLessThan(n: Int): Rand[Int] = {
    flatMap(nonNegativeInt) { i =>
      val mod = i % n
//            print for debug
//      if (i + (n - 1) - mod >= 0) {print(i); print(" "); print(n); print(" "); print(mod); print(" "); unit(mod) } else nonNegativeLessThan(n)
            if (i + (n - 1) - mod >= 0) unit(mod) else nonNegativeLessThan(n)
    }
  }

  def _map[A, B](s: Rand[A])(f: A => B): Rand[B] = flatMap(s)(a => unit(f(a)))


  def _map2[A, B, C](ra: Rand[A], rb: Rand[B])(f: (A, B) => C): Rand[C] = flatMap(ra)(a => map(rb)(b => f(a, b)))


  def main(args: Array[String]): Unit = {

    val now = System.currentTimeMillis();
    val simple = Simple(now)
    println(simple)


    println(simple.nextInt)

    val nonNegativeIntVal = RNG.nonNegativeInt(simple)
    println(nonNegativeIntVal)


    val doubleVal = RNG.double(simple)
    println(doubleVal)

    val booleanVal = RNG.boolean(simple)
    println(booleanVal)

    val intDoubleVal = RNG.intDouble(simple)
    println(intDoubleVal)

    val doubleIntVal = RNG.doubleInt(simple)
    println(doubleIntVal)

    val double3Val = RNG.double3(simple)
    println(double3Val)

    val intsVal = RNG.ints(3)(simple)
    println(intsVal)

    val ints2Val = RNG.ints2(3)(simple)
    println(ints2Val)

    println(RNG.int(simple))

    println(simple)
    println(RNG.unit(100)(simple)._1)
    println(RNG.unit(100)(simple)._2)
    println(RNG.unit(100)(simple)._2.nextInt)


    println(RNG.map(RNG.int)(_ * 2)(simple))


    val _doubleVal = RNG._double(simple)
    println(_doubleVal)


    val map2Val = RNG.map2(RNG.int, RNG.int)((_, _))(simple)
    println(map2Val)


    val bothVal = RNG.both(RNG.int, RNG.int)(simple)
    println(bothVal)


    val intRand5List = List.fill(5)(RNG.int)
    val sequenceVal = RNG.sequence(intRand5List)(simple)
    println(sequenceVal)

    val _intsVal = RNG._ints(5)(simple)
    println(_intsVal)

    val nonNegativeLessThanVal = RNG.nonNegativeLessThan(Int.MaxValue)(simple)
    println(nonNegativeLessThanVal)


  }


}

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上述代码的运行结果是:

Simple(1530788766246)
(-697541284,Simple(235760911150649))
(697541283,Simple(235760911150649))
(1.3248179719433273,Simple(235760911150649))
(true,Simple(235760911150649))
((-697541284,1.061915150872392),Simple(8713782830160))
((1.061915150872392,-697541284),Simple(8713782830160))
((1.3248179719433273,1.061915150872392,1.8075593983789717),Simple(167821095294491))
(List(-697541284, 132961774, -1734220603),Simple(167821095294491))
(List(-1734220603, 132961774, -697541284),Simple(167821095294491))
(-697541284,Simple(235760911150649))
Simple(1530788766246)
100
Simple(1530788766246)
(-697541284,Simple(235760911150649))
(-1395082568,Simple(235760911150649))
(0.32481797179207206,Simple(235760911150649))
((-697541284,132961774),Simple(8713782830160))
((-697541284,132961774),Simple(8713782830160))
(List(-697541284, 132961774, -1734220603, 630554181, -192781157),Simple(268840870823373))
(List(-697541284, 132961774, -1734220603, 630554181, -192781157),Simple(268840870823373))
(697541283,Simple(235760911150649))