在学习和工作之中，想制作一些小工具，用python秃了一个晚上，拿到公司，发现要安装python才能用，看别人的博客看不懂，别急，一篇搞定。
一、pyinstaller安装
pyinstaller 是一个python库，和其他库一样，可以用pip 进行导入。
pip install pyinstaller
pyinstaller可以打包python程序变为exe，像其他程序一样,让其可以在任何windows下正常运行而无需python的解析。
pyinstaller有很多参数，可以用-H参数查看帮助
pyinstaller -h
usage: pyinstaller [-h] [-v] [-D] [-F] [--specpath DIR] [-n NAME]
[--add-data <SRC;DEST or SRC:DEST>]
[--add-binary <SRC;DEST or SRC:DEST>] [-p DIR]
[--hidden-import MODULENAME]
[--collect-submodules MODULENAME]
[--collect-data MODULENAME] [--collect-binaries MODULENAME]
[--collect-all MODULENAME] [--copy-metadata PACKAGENAME]
[--recursive-copy-metadata PACKAGENAME]
[--additional-hooks-dir HOOKSPATH]
[--runtime-hook RUNTIME_HOOKS] [--exclude-module EXCLUDES]
[--key KEY] [--splash IMAGE_FILE]
[-d {all,imports,bootloader,noarchive}]
[--python-option PYTHON_OPTION] [-s] [--noupx]
[--upx-exclude FILE] [-c] [-w]
[-i <FILE.ico or FILE.exe,ID or FILE.icns or "NONE">]
[--disable-windowed-traceback] [--version-file FILE]
[-m <FILE or XML>] [--no-embed-manifest] [-r RESOURCE]
[--uac-admin] [--uac-uiaccess] [--win-private-assemblies]
[--win-no-prefer-redirects]
[--osx-bundle-identifier BUNDLE_IDENTIFIER]
[--target-architecture ARCH] [--codesign-identity IDENTITY]
[--osx-entitlements-file FILENAME] [--runtime-tmpdir PATH]
[--bootloader-ignore-signals] [--distpath DIR]
[--workpath WORKPATH] [-y] [--upx-dir UPX_DIR] [-a]
[--clean] [--log-level LEVEL]
scriptname [scriptname ...]
positional arguments:
scriptname Name of scriptfiles to be processed or exactly one
.spec file. If a .spec file is specified, most options
are unnecessary and are ignored.
optional arguments:
-h, --help show this help message and exit
-v, --version Show program version info and exit.
--distpath DIR Where to put the bundled app (default: ./dist)
--workpath WORKPATH Where to put all the temporary work files, .log, .pyz
and etc. (default: ./build)
-y, --noconfirm Replace output directory (default:
SPECPATH\dist\SPECNAME) without asking for
confirmation
--upx-dir UPX_DIR Path to UPX utility (default: search the execution
path)
-a, --ascii Do not include unicode encoding support (default:
included if available)
--clean Clean PyInstaller cache and remove temporary files
before building.
--log-level LEVEL Amount of detail in build-time console messages. LEVEL
may be one of TRACE, DEBUG, INFO, WARN, ERROR,
CRITICAL (default: INFO).
What to generate:
-D, --onedir Create a one-folder bundle containing an executable
(default)
-F, --onefile Create a one-file bundled executable.
--specpath DIR Folder to store the generated spec file (default:
current directory)
-n NAME, --name NAME Name to assign to the bundled app and spec file
(default: first script's basename)
What to bundle, where to search:
--add-data <SRC;DEST or SRC:DEST>
Additional non-binary files or folders to be added to
the executable. The path separator is platform
specific, ``os.pathsep`` (which is ``;`` on Windows
and ``:`` on most unix systems) is used. This option
can be used multiple times.
--add-binary <SRC;DEST or SRC:DEST>
Additional binary files to be added to the executable.
See the ``--add-data`` option for more details. This
option can be used multiple times.
-p DIR, --paths DIR A path to search for imports (like using PYTHONPATH).
Multiple paths are allowed, separated by ``';'``, or
use this option multiple times. Equivalent to
supplying the ``pathex`` argument in the spec file.
--hidden-import MODULENAME, --hiddenimport MODULENAME
Name an import not visible in the code of the
script(s). This option can be used multiple times.
--collect-submodules MODULENAME
Collect all submodules from the specified package or
module. This option can be used multiple times.
--collect-data MODULENAME, --collect-datas MODULENAME
Collect all data from the specified package or module.
This option can be used multiple times.
--collect-binaries MODULENAME
Collect all binaries from the specified package or
module. This option can be used multiple times.
--collect-all MODULENAME
Collect all submodules, data files, and binaries from
the specified package or module. This option can be
used multiple times.
--copy-metadata PACKAGENAME
Copy metadata for the specified package. This option
can be used multiple times.
--recursive-copy-metadata PACKAGENAME
Copy metadata for the specified package and all its
dependencies. This option can be used multiple times.
--additional-hooks-dir HOOKSPATH
An additional path to search for hooks. This option
can be used multiple times.
--runtime-hook RUNTIME_HOOKS
Path to a custom runtime hook file. A runtime hook is
code that is bundled with the executable and is
executed before any other code or module to set up
special features of the runtime environment. This
option can be used multiple times.
--exclude-module EXCLUDES
Optional module or package (the Python name, not the
path name) that will be ignored (as though it was not
found). This option can be used multiple times.
--key KEY The key used to encrypt Python bytecode.
--splash IMAGE_FILE (EXPERIMENTAL) Add an splash screen with the image
IMAGE_FILE to the application. The splash screen can
display progress updates while unpacking.
How to generate:
-d {all,imports,bootloader,noarchive}, --debug {all,imports,bootloader,noarchive}
Provide assistance with debugging a frozen
application. This argument may be provided multiple
times to select several of the following options.
- all: All three of the following options.
- imports: specify the -v option to the underlying
Python interpreter, causing it to print a message
each time a module is initialized, showing the
place (filename or built-in module) from which it
is loaded. See
https://docs.python.org/3/using/cmdline.html#id4.
- bootloader: tell the bootloader to issue progress
messages while initializing and starting the
bundled app. Used to diagnose problems with
missing imports.
- noarchive: instead of storing all frozen Python
source files as an archive inside the resulting
executable, store them as files in the resulting
output directory.
--python-option PYTHON_OPTION
Specify a command-line option to pass to the Python
interpreter at runtime. Currently supports "v"
(equivalent to "--debug imports"), "u", and "W
<warning control>".
-s, --strip Apply a symbol-table strip to the executable and
shared libs (not recommended for Windows)
--noupx Do not use UPX even if it is available (works
differently between Windows and *nix)
--upx-exclude FILE Prevent a binary from being compressed when using upx.
This is typically used if upx corrupts certain
binaries during compression. FILE is the filename of
the binary without path. This option can be used
multiple times.
Windows and Mac OS X specific options:
-c, --console, --nowindowed
Open a console window for standard i/o (default). On
Windows this option has no effect if the first script
is a '.pyw' file.
-w, --windowed, --noconsole
Windows and Mac OS X: do not provide a console window
for standard i/o. On Mac OS this also triggers
building a Mac OS .app bundle. On Windows this option
is automatically set if the first script is a '.pyw'
file. This option is ignored on *NIX systems.
-i <FILE.ico or FILE.exe,ID or FILE.icns or "NONE">, --icon <FILE.ico or FILE.exe,ID or FILE.icns or "NONE">
FILE.ico: apply the icon to a Windows executable.
FILE.exe,ID: extract the icon with ID from an exe.
FILE.icns: apply the icon to the .app bundle on Mac
OS. Use "NONE" to not apply any icon, thereby making
the OS to show some default (default: apply
PyInstaller's icon)
--disable-windowed-traceback
Disable traceback dump of unhandled exception in
windowed (noconsole) mode (Windows and macOS only),
and instead display a message that this feature is
disabled.
Windows specific options:
--version-file FILE Add a version resource from FILE to the exe.
-m <FILE or XML>, --manifest <FILE or XML>
Add manifest FILE or XML to the exe.
--no-embed-manifest Generate an external .exe.manifest file instead of
embedding the manifest into the exe. Applicable only
to onedir mode; in onefile mode, the manifest is
always embedded, regardless of this option.
-r RESOURCE, --resource RESOURCE
Add or update a resource to a Windows executable. The
RESOURCE is one to four items,
FILE[,TYPE[,NAME[,LANGUAGE]]]. FILE can be a data file
or an exe/dll. For data files, at least TYPE and NAME
must be specified. LANGUAGE defaults to 0 or may be
specified as wildcard * to update all resources of the
given TYPE and NAME. For exe/dll files, all resources
from FILE will be added/updated to the final
executable if TYPE, NAME and LANGUAGE are omitted or
specified as wildcard *. This option can be used
multiple times.
--uac-admin Using this option creates a Manifest that will request
elevation upon application start.
--uac-uiaccess Using this option allows an elevated application to
work with Remote Desktop.
Windows Side-by-side Assembly searching options (advanced):
--win-private-assemblies
Any Shared Assemblies bundled into the application
will be changed into Private Assemblies. This means
the exact versions of these assemblies will always be
used, and any newer versions installed on user
machines at the system level will be ignored.
--win-no-prefer-redirects
While searching for Shared or Private Assemblies to
bundle into the application, PyInstaller will prefer
not to follow policies that redirect to newer
versions, and will try to bundle the exact versions of
the assembly.
Mac OS specific options:
--osx-bundle-identifier BUNDLE_IDENTIFIER
Mac OS .app bundle identifier is used as the default
unique program name for code signing purposes. The
usual form is a hierarchical name in reverse DNS
notation. For example:
com.mycompany.department.appname (default: first
script's basename)
--target-architecture ARCH, --target-arch ARCH
Target architecture (macOS only; valid values: x86_64,
arm64, universal2). Enables switching between
universal2 and single-arch version of frozen
application (provided python installation supports the
target architecture). If not target architecture is
not specified, the current running architecture is
targeted.
--codesign-identity IDENTITY
Code signing identity (macOS only). Use the provided
identity to sign collected binaries and generated
executable. If signing identity is not provided, ad-
hoc signing is performed instead.
--osx-entitlements-file FILENAME
Entitlements file to use when code-signing the
collected binaries (macOS only).
Rarely used special options:
--runtime-tmpdir PATH
Where to extract libraries and support files in
`onefile`-mode. If this option is given, the
bootloader will ignore any temp-folder location
defined by the run-time OS. The ``_MEIxxxxxx``-folder
will be created here. Please use this option only if
you know what you are doing.
--bootloader-ignore-signals
Tell the bootloader to ignore signals rather than
forwarding them to the child process. Useful in
situations where for example a supervisor process
signals both the bootloader and the child (e.g., via a
process group) to avoid signalling the child twice.作者常用的有[--onefile]、[-w]和[-i]，这三个参数的作用分别是
1.将py只打包成一个exe文件
2.可以将命令行隐藏，在有GUI的程序里非常管用，可以把黑窗隐藏，让程序变的美观（如果没有GUI，建议不要使用该参数）
3.可以自定义图标
以下全是干货
PyInstaller 工具的命令语法如下：
pyinstaller 选项 选项的参数
不管这个 Python 应用是单文件的应用，还是多文件的应用，只要在使用 pyinstaller 命令时编译作为程序入口的 Python 程序即可。
PyInstaller工具是跨平台的，它既可以在 Windows平台上使用，也可以在 Mac OS X 平台上运行。在不同的平台上使用 PyInstaller 工具的方法是一样的，它们支持的选项也是一样的。
下面先创建一个 app 目录，在该目录下创建一个 app.py 文件，文件中包含如下代码：
- print('程序开始执行')
- print('孙悟空')
接下来使用命令行工具进入到此 app 目录下，执行如下命令：
pyinstaller --onefile app.py
执行上面命令，将看到详细的生成过程。当生成完成后，将会在此 app 目录下看到多了一个 dist 目录，并在该目录下看到有一个 app.exe 文件，这就是使用 PyInstaller 工具生成的 EXE 程序。
在命令行窗口中进入 dist 目录下，在该目录执行 app.exe ，将会看到该程序生成如下输出结果：
程序开始执行
孙悟空
由于该程序没有图形用户界面，因此如果读者试图通过双击来运行该程序，则只能看到程序窗口一闪就消失了，这样将无法看到该程序的输出结果。
在上面命令中使用了--onefile 选项，该选项指定生成单独的 EXE 文件，因此，在 dist 目录下生成了一个单独的大约为 6MB 的 app.exe 文件（在 Mac OS X 平台上生成的文件就叫 app，没有后缀）；与 -F(--onefile) 选项对应的是 -D 选项（默认选项），该选项指定生成一个目录（包含多个文件）来作为程序。
下面先将 PyInstaller 工具在 app 目录下生成的 build、dist 目录删除，并将 app.spec 文件也删除，然后使用如下命令来生成 EXE 文件。
pyinstaller -D app.py
执行上面命令，将看到详细的生成过程。当生成完成后，将会在 app 目录下看到多了一个 dist 目录，并在该目录下看到有一个 app 子目录，在该子目录下包含了大量 .dll 文件和 .pyz 文件，它们都是 app.exe 程序的支撑文件。在命令行窗口中运行该 app.exe 程序，同样可以看到与前一个 app.exe 程序相同的输出结果。
PyInstaller 不仅支持 -F（--onefile）、-D 选项，而且也支持如下表表所示的常用选项。
| -h，--help | 查看该模块的帮助信息 |
|---|---|
| -F，-onefile | 产生单个的可执行文件，参数为py文件路径。 |
| -D，--onedir | 产生一个目录（包含多个文件）作为可执行程序，参数为py文件路径。 |
| -a，--ascii | 不包含 Unicode 字符集支持，无参数。 |
| -d，--debug | 产生 debug 版本的可执行文件，无参数。 |
| -w，--windowed，--noconsolc | 指定程序运行时不显示命令行窗口（仅对 Windows 有效），无参数。 |
| -c，--nowindowed，--console | 指定使用命令行窗口运行程序（仅对 Windows 有效），无参数。 |
| -o DIR，--out=DIR | 指定 spec 文件的生成目录。如果没有指定，则默认使用当前目录来生成 spec 文件，参数为spec文件路径。 |
| -p DIR，--path=DIR | 设置 Python 导入模块的路径（和设置 PYTHONPATH 环境变量的作用相似）。也可使用路径分隔符（Windows 使用分号，Linux 使用冒号）来分隔多个路径，无参数。 |
| -n NAME，--name=NAME | 指定项目（产生的 spec）名字。如果省略该选项，那么第一个脚本的主文件名将作为 spec 的名字 |
在表中列出的只是 PyInstaller 模块所支持的常用选项，如果需要了解 PyInstaller 选项的详细信息，则可通过 pyinstaller -h 来查看。
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