hdu5975_Aninteresting game_树状数组理解

Problem Description

Let’s play a game.We add numbers 1,2...n in increasing order from 1 and put them into some sets.
When we add i,we must create a new set, and put iinto it.And meanwhile we have to bring [i-lowbit(i)+1,i-1] from their original sets, and put them into the new set,too.When we put one integer into a set,it costs us one unit physical strength. But bringing integer from old set does not cost any physical strength.
After we add 1,2...n,we have q queries now.There are two different kinds of query:
1 L R:query the cost of strength after we add all of [L,R](1≤L≤R≤n)
2 x:query the units of strength we cost for putting x(1≤x≤n) into some sets.

 

Input

There are several cases,process till end of the input.
For each case,the first line contains two integers n and q.Then q lines follow.Each line contains one query.The form of query has been shown above.
n≤10^18,q≤10^5

 

Output

For each query, please output one line containing your answer for this query

 

Sample Input

  
  

   
   10 2
1 8 9
2 6
  
  

 

Sample Output

  
  

   
   9
2

   
   

    
    

     
     Hint
    
    
lowbit(i) =i&(-i).It means the size of the lowest nonzero bits in binary of i. For example, 610=1102, lowbit(6) =102= 210
When we add 8,we should bring [1,7] and 8 into new set.
When we add 9,we should bring [9,8] (empty) and 9 into new set.
So the first answer is 8+1=9.
When we add 6 and 8,we should put 6 into new sets.
So the second answer is 2. 

   
   
   
    
  
  

题意：

将1-n个数从小到大放入集合，每次你放入新的数i时，需要将[i-lowbit(i)+1,i-1]取出来，再和i一起放入新集合，放一个数耗费一点体力，取数不费体力。

现在有两种操作：

1 L R 将 L到R放入时总共消耗的体力。

2 x 将x移出到新集合所消耗的体力。

解：

进行1操作：

每次添加i时，我们需要体力：(i-1)-(i-lowbit(i)+1)=lowbit(i)点。

但直接枚举累加lowbit(i)的值显然会超时。

那么我们会发现求L到R所消耗的体力其实就是1-R所消耗的体力减去1-（L-1）所消耗的体力。

我们通过求解2的幂次来算出结果。

进行2操作时：

我们会发现，将i进行移动的话，是直接到树状数组的父节点位置，因为在父节点包含的区间里一定有i。

代码：

#include <iostream>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstring>
#include <cstdlib>
using namespace std;
typedef long long ll;
long long lowbit(long long x){
    return x&(-x);
}
ll cal(ll x)
{
    ll sum=0;
    for(ll i=0;(1ll<<i)<=x;++i)
    sum+=(x/(1ll<<i)-x/(1ll<<(i+1)))*(1ll<<i);
    return sum;
}

int main()
{
    long long n,l,r,ans;
    int p,ch;
    long long int c;
    while(~scanf("%lld%d",&n,&p))
    {
        while(p--)
        {
            scanf("%d",&ch);
            if(ch==1){
                ans=0;
                scanf("%lld%lld",&l,&r);
                ans=cal(r)-cal(l-1);
            }
            else{
                ans=0;
                scanf("%lld",&c);
                while(c<=n)
                {
                    ans++;
                    c+=lowbit(c);
                }
            }
            printf("%lld\n",ans);
        }

    }
    return 0;
}