各种字符、字符串的输入问题

#对字符串的输入问题
像例一这种题的输入 不能简单的用scanf输入 因为输入中途会有回车
有两种解决方案
①定义字符c

char c;
while((c=getchar())!=EOF)//c=getchar();对单个字符的输入。
*****必须要把 c=getchar()用括号括起来  运算符的先后问题
{
	
}
②定义 string 类型的字符串 s

```cpp
string  s;
while(getline(cin,s))//遇到回车结束本次输入
{
	
}

例一 POJ - 1488  
TEX is a typesetting language developed by Donald Knuth. It takes source text together with a few typesetting instructions and produces, one hopes, a beautiful document. Beautiful documents use double-left-quote and double-right-quote to delimit quotations, rather than the mundane " which is what is provided by most keyboards. Keyboards typically do not have an oriented double-quote, but they do have a left-single-quote ` and a right-single-quote '. Check your keyboard now to locate the left-single-quote key ` (sometimes called the "backquote key") and the right-single-quote key ' (sometimes called the "apostrophe" or just "quote"). Be careful not to confuse the left-single-quote ` with the "backslash" key \. TEX lets the user type two left-single-quotes `` to create a left-double-quote and two right-single-quotes '' to create a right-double-quote. Most typists, however, are accustomed to delimiting their quotations with the un-oriented double-quote ".

If the source contained
"To be or not to be," quoth the bard, "that is the question."
then the typeset document produced by TEX would not contain the desired form: "To be or not to be," quoth the bard, "that is the question." In order to produce the desired form, the source file must contain the sequence:
``To be or not to be,'' quoth the bard, ``that is the question.''
You are to write a program which converts text containing double-quote (") characters into text that is identical except that double-quotes have been replaced by the two-character sequences required by TEX for delimiting quotations with oriented double-quotes. The double-quote (") characters should be replaced appropriately by either `` if the " opens a quotation and by '' if the " closes a quotation. Notice that the question of nested quotations does not arise: The first " must be replaced by ``, the next by '', the next by ``, the next by '', the next by ``, the next by '', and so on.
Input
Input will consist of several lines of text containing an even number of double-quote (") characters. Input is ended with an end-of-file character.
Output
The text must be output exactly as it was input except that:

the first " in each pair is replaced by two ` characters: `` and
the second " in each pair is replaced by two ' characters: ''.
Sample Input
"To be or not to be," quoth the Bard, "that
is the question".
The programming contestant replied: "I must disagree.
To `C' or not to `C', that is The Question!"
Sample Output
``To be or not to be,'' quoth the Bard, ``that
is the question''.
The programming contestant replied: ``I must disagree.
To `C' or not to `C', that is The Question!''