Spring+Hibernate做项目, 发现有member在不加事务的情况下就去调用 getSession() 方法, 结果导致数据库连接不能释放, 也无法正常的提交事务(只能做查询, 不能做save(), update()). 如果配合连接池使用的话, 不出几分钟就会导致连接池无法拿到新连接的情况.
不过, 只要给DAO或者Service加入了事务, 就不会出现连接泄漏的问题.
谈谈解决方案:
最佳方案: 加入事务, 例如 tx 标签或者 @Transactional 都可以.
最笨方案: 修改代码, 使用 HibernateTemplate 来完成相关操作:
public List queryAll( final String hql, final Object... args) {
List list = getHibernateTemplate().executeFind( new HibernateCallback() {
public Object doInHibernate(Session session)
throws HibernateException, SQLException {
Query query = session.createQuery(hql);
for ( int i =0; i < args. length ; i++) {
query.setParameter(i, args[i]);
}
List list = query.list();
return list;
}
});
return list;
}
public Serializable save(Object entity) {
return getHibernateTemplate().save(entity);
}
HibernateDaoSupport 代码里面的原始说明文档指出直接调用getSession() 方法必须用配套的releaseSession(Session session) 来释放连接, 根据我的测试, 就算配置了 OpenSessionInViewFilter(前提: 不加事务 ), 也不会关闭这个Session. 也许有人说可以用连接池, 这种情况和Db pool没关系, 用了pool就会发现连接很快就会满, 只会over的更快. 反过来, 如果不配置OpenSessionInViewFilter, 在DAO里提前用 releaseSession() 关闭连接, 就可能会在JSP中出现Lazy载入异常. 另一个不配事务的问题就是无法更新或者插入数据. 下面就是原始的JavaDoc中的说明:
/**
* Obtain a Hibernate Session, either from the current transaction or
* a new one. The latter is only allowed if the
* {@link org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTemplate#setAllowCreate "allowCreate"}
* setting of this bean's {@link #setHibernateTemplate HibernateTemplate} is "true".
* <p><b> Note that this is not meant to be invoked from HibernateTemplate code
* but rather just in plain Hibernate code. </b> Either rely on a thread - bound
* Session or use it in combination with {@link #releaseSession} .
* <p> In general, it is recommended to use HibernateTemplate, either with
* the provided convenience operations or with a custom HibernateCallback
* that provides you with a Session to work on. HibernateTemplate will care
* for all resource management and for proper exception conversion.
* @return the Hibernate Session
* @throws DataAccessResourceFailureException if the Session couldn't be created
* @throws IllegalStateException if no thread - bound Session found and allowCreate=false
* @see org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.SessionFactoryUtils#getSession(SessionFactory, boolean)
*/
protected final Session getSession()
throws DataAccessResourceFailureException, IllegalStateException {
return getSession( this . hibernateTemplate .isAllowCreate());
}
/**
* Close the given Hibernate Session, created via this DAO's SessionFactory,
* if it isn't bound to the thread (i.e. isn't a transactional Session).
* <p> Typically used in plain Hibernate code, in combination with
* {@link #getSession} and {@link #convertHibernateAccessException} .
* @param session the Session to close
* @see org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.SessionFactoryUtils#releaseSession
*/
protected final void releaseSession(Session session) {
SessionFactoryUtils.releaseSession (session, getSessionFactory());
}
HibernateDaoSupport用ThreadLocal保存Session列表并编写一个配套的过滤器来显式关闭Session, 并在关闭之前尝试提交事务. 下面是重写的 HibernateDaoSupport 代码:
package org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import org.hibernate.HibernateException;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.springframework.dao.DataAccessException;
import org.springframework.dao.DataAccessResourceFailureException;
import org.springframework.dao.support.DaoSupport;
import org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTemplate;
import org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.SessionFactoryUtils;
/**
* 修改后的避免连接泄漏的 HibernateDaoSupport, 多连接版本, 不保证跨DAO的事务.
*
* @author 刘长炯
* Date: 2009-3-11
*/
public abstract class HibernateDaoSupport extends DaoSupport {
/** 使用 ThreadLocal 保存打开的 Session 列表 */
private static final ThreadLocal< List<Session> > sessions = new ThreadLocal< List<Session> >();
/**
* 获取Hibernate连接.
* @return
*/
public static List<Session> getSessionList() {
//1. 先看看是否有了List get()
List list = sessions.get();
// 2. 没有的话从创建一个, put()
if (list == null) {
list = new ArrayList();
sessions.set(list);
}
// 3. 返回 Session
return list;
}
/**
* 关闭当前线程中未正常释放的 Session.
*/
public static void closeSessionList() {
// 1. 先看看是否有了List get()
List<Session> list = sessions.get();
// 2. 有的话就直接关闭
if (list != null) {
System.out.println(SimpleDateFormat.getDateTimeInstance().format(new java.util.Date()) +
" -------- 即将释放未正常关闭的 Session" );
for (Session session : list) {
System.out.println("正在关闭 session =" + session.hashCode());
// ! 关闭前事务提交
if (session.isOpen()) {
try {
session.getTransaction().commit();
} catch (Exception ex) {
try {
session.getTransaction().rollback();
} catch (HibernateException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
//e.printStackTrace();
}
}
try {
session.close();
} catch (Exception ex) {
}
}
//releaseSession(session); // 无法调用
}
sessions.remove();
}
}
private HibernateTemplate hibernateTemplate;
/**
* Set the Hibernate SessionFactory to be used by this DAO.
* Will automatically create a HibernateTemplate for the given SessionFactory.
* @see #createHibernateTemplate
* @see #setHibernateTemplate
*/
public final void setSessionFactory(SessionFactory sessionFactory) {
if (this .hibernateTemplate == null || sessionFactory != this .hibernateTemplate.getSessionFactory()) {
this .hibernateTemplate = createHibernateTemplate(sessionFactory);
}
}
/**
* Create a HibernateTemplate for the given SessionFactory.
* Only invoked if populating the DAO with a SessionFactory reference!
* <p>Can be overridden in subclasses to provide a HibernateTemplate instance
* with different configuration, or a custom HibernateTemplate subclass.
* @param sessionFactory the Hibernate SessionFactory to create a HibernateTemplate for
* @return the new HibernateTemplate instance
* @see #setSessionFactory
*/
protected HibernateTemplate createHibernateTemplate(SessionFactory sessionFactory) {
return new HibernateTemplate(sessionFactory);
}
/**
* Return the Hibernate SessionFactory used by this DAO.
*/
public final SessionFactory getSessionFactory() {
return (this .hibernateTemplate != null ? this .hibernateTemplate.getSessionFactory() : null);
}
/**
* Set the HibernateTemplate for this DAO explicitly,
* as an alternative to specifying a SessionFactory.
* @see #setSessionFactory
*/
public final void setHibernateTemplate(HibernateTemplate hibernateTemplate) {
this .hibernateTemplate = hibernateTemplate;
}
/**
* Return the HibernateTemplate for this DAO,
* pre-initialized with the SessionFactory or set explicitly.
* <p><b>Note: The returned HibernateTemplate is a shared instance.</b>
* You may introspect its configuration, but not modify the configuration
* (other than from within an {@link #initDao} implementation).
* Consider creating a custom HibernateTemplate instance via
* <code>new HibernateTemplate(getSessionFactory())</code>, in which
* case you're allowed to customize the settings on the resulting instance.
*/
public final HibernateTemplate getHibernateTemplate() {
return this .hibernateTemplate;
}
protected final void checkDaoConfig() {
if (this .hibernateTemplate == null) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("'sessionFactory' or 'hibernateTemplate' is required" );
}
}
/**
* Obtain a Hibernate Session, either from the current transaction or
* a new one. The latter is only allowed if the
* {@link org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTemplate#setAllowCreate "allowCreate"}
* setting of this bean's {@link #setHibernateTemplate HibernateTemplate} is "true".
* <p><b>Note that this is not meant to be invoked from HibernateTemplate code
* but rather just in plain Hibernate code.</b> Either rely on a thread-bound
* Session or use it in combination with {@link #releaseSession}.
* <p>In general, it is recommended to use HibernateTemplate, either with
* the provided convenience operations or with a custom HibernateCallback
* that provides you with a Session to work on. HibernateTemplate will care
* for all resource management and for proper exception conversion.
* @return the Hibernate Session
* @throws DataAccessResourceFailureException if the Session couldn't be created
* @throws IllegalStateException if no thread-bound Session found and allowCreate=false
* @see org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.SessionFactoryUtils#getSession(SessionFactory, boolean)
*/
protected final Session getSession()
throws DataAccessResourceFailureException, IllegalStateException {
Session session = getSession(this .hibernateTemplate.isAllowCreate());
// 开始事务
try {
session.beginTransaction();
} catch (HibernateException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
getSessionList().add(session);
return session;
}
/**
* Obtain a Hibernate Session, either from the current transaction or
* a new one. The latter is only allowed if "allowCreate" is true.
* <p><b>Note that this is not meant to be invoked from HibernateTemplate code
* but rather just in plain Hibernate code.</b> Either rely on a thread-bound
* Session or use it in combination with {@link #releaseSession}.
* <p>In general, it is recommended to use
* {@link #getHibernateTemplate() HibernateTemplate}, either with
* the provided convenience operations or with a custom
* {@link org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateCallback} that
* provides you with a Session to work on. HibernateTemplate will care
* for all resource management and for proper exception conversion.
* @param allowCreate if a non-transactional Session should be created when no
* transactional Session can be found for the current thread
* @return the Hibernate Session
* @throws DataAccessResourceFailureException if the Session couldn't be created
* @throws IllegalStateException if no thread-bound Session found and allowCreate=false
* @see org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.SessionFactoryUtils#getSession(SessionFactory, boolean)
*/
protected final Session getSession(boolean allowCreate)
throws DataAccessResourceFailureException, IllegalStateException {
return (!allowCreate ?
SessionFactoryUtils.getSession(getSessionFactory(), false) :
SessionFactoryUtils.getSession(
getSessionFactory(),
this .hibernateTemplate.getEntityInterceptor(),
this .hibernateTemplate.getJdbcExceptionTranslator()));
}
/**
* Convert the given HibernateException to an appropriate exception from the
* <code>org.springframework.dao</code> hierarchy. Will automatically detect
* wrapped SQLExceptions and convert them accordingly.
* <p>Delegates to the
* {@link org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTemplate#convertHibernateAccessException}
* method of this DAO's HibernateTemplate.
* <p>Typically used in plain Hibernate code, in combination with
* {@link #getSession} and {@link #releaseSession}.
* @param ex HibernateException that occured
* @return the corresponding DataAccessException instance
* @see org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.SessionFactoryUtils#convertHibernateAccessException
*/
protected final DataAccessException convertHibernateAccessException(HibernateException ex) {
return this .hibernateTemplate.convertHibernateAccessException(ex);
}
/**
* Close the given Hibernate Session, created via this DAO's SessionFactory,
* if it isn't bound to the thread (i.e. isn't a transactional Session).
* <p>Typically used in plain Hibernate code, in combination with
* {@link #getSession} and {@link #convertHibernateAccessException}.
* @param session the Session to close
* @see org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.SessionFactoryUtils#releaseSession
*/
protected final void releaseSession(Session session) {
SessionFactoryUtils.releaseSession(session, getSessionFactory());
}
}
public
void doFilter(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse res,
FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
req.setCharacterEncoding(this .charset);
chain.doFilter(req, res);
// 关闭遗漏的 Session
HibernateDaoSupport.closeSessionList();
}
把这个过滤器配置在过滤器链的第一个, 就OK了.
最后也许会有人说, 为什么不用tx标签在Spring中来配置一个通配符就全部加入了事务了呢? 不过很遗憾, 经测试发现此方式无法实现跨DAO的Hibernate事务, 所以只好很无奈的放弃了这种方式. 这就是文章一开头提到的最佳方案, 也许是成本最低的方案了, 但是我却没采用, 一是因为事务问题, 二是因为每个有问题的dao/service包都要修改一次XML配置文件, 我很懒惰, 不想去看那些代码都在哪些包里面. Tx标签的配置方式如下所示:
<?
xml
version
="1.0"
encoding
="UTF-8" ?>
< beans xmlns ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi ="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:aop ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:tx ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xsi:schemaLocation ="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.0.xsd" >
< bean id ="sessionFactory"
class ="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean" >
< property name ="configLocation"
value ="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" >
</ property >
</ bean >
< bean id ="StudentDAO" class ="dao.StudentDAO" >
< property name ="sessionFactory" >
< ref bean ="sessionFactory" />
</ property >
</ bean >
<!-- 声明一个 Hibernate 3 的 事务管理器供代理类自动管理事务用 -->
< bean id ="transactionManager"
class ="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager" >
< property name ="sessionFactory" >
< ref local ="sessionFactory" />
</ property >
</ bean >
< aop:config >
<!-- 切入点指明了在执行dao.StudentDAO的所有方法时产生事务拦截操作 -->
< aop:pointcut id ="daoMethods"
expression ="execution(* dao.StudentDAO.*(..))" />
<!-- 定义了将采用何种拦截操作，这里引用到 txAdvice -->
< aop:advisor advice-ref ="txAdvice"
pointcut-ref ="daoMethods" />
</ aop:config >
<!-- 这是事务通知操作，使用的事务管理器引用自 transactionManager -->
< tx:advice id ="txAdvice" transaction-manager ="transactionManager" >
< tx:attributes >
<!-- 指定哪些方法需要加入事务，这里懒惰一下全部加入，可以使用通配符来只加入需要的方法 -->
< tx:method name ="*" propagation ="REQUIRED" />
</ tx:attributes >
</ tx:advice >
</ beans >
其它加事务的方式有老式的Spring1.2的, 还有Annotation的, 这些都是一个解决方案, 就是给DAO/Service加入事务. 如果您有更好的办法, 欢迎来信探讨.
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