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Java提供的Time类可以周期性地或者延期执行任务,但是有时我们需要并行执行同样的任务,这个时候如果创建多个Time对象会给系统带来负担,解决办法是将定时任务放到线程池中执行。
Java的ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor类实现了ScheduledExecutorService接口中定义的以不同方法执行任务的方法。
之前,我写过一篇关于Java ThreadPoolExecutor的文章中使用了Executors创建线程池。Executors类也提供了工厂方法创建ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor,并且可以设置线程池中的线程。
假设有下面简单的Runnable类
WorkerThread.java:
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package
com.journaldev.threads;
import
java.util.Date;
public
class
WorkerThread
implements
Runnable{
private
String command;
public
WorkerThread(String s){
this
.command=s;
}
@Override
public
void
run() {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+
" Start. Time = "
+
new
Date());
processCommand();
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+
" End. Time = "
+
new
Date());
}
private
void
processCommand() {
try
{
Thread.sleep(
5000
);
}
catch
(InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
@Override
public
String toString(){
return
this
.command;
}
}
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下面的例子中worker线程将被延期10s执行上面的Rnnable类大约花费5s执行任务
ScheduledThreadPool.java:
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package
com.journaldev.threads;
import
java.util.Date;
import
java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import
java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService;
import
java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
public
class
ScheduledThreadPool {
public
static
void
main(String[] args)
throws
InterruptedException {
ScheduledExecutorService scheduledThreadPool = Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(
5
);
//schedule to run after sometime
System.out.println(
"Current Time = "
+
new
Date());
for
(
int
i=
0
; i<
3
; i++){
Thread.sleep(
1000
);
WorkerThread worker =
new
WorkerThread(
"do heavy processing"
);
scheduledThreadPool.schedule(worker,
10
, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
}
//add some delay to let some threads spawn by scheduler
Thread.sleep(
30000
);
scheduledThreadPool.shutdown();
while
(!scheduledThreadPool.isTerminated()){
//wait for all tasks to finish
}
System.out.println(
"Finished all threads"
);
}
}
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运行上面的程序,可以得到下面的输出,由此可以确认任务在10s后才执行。
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Current Time = Tue Oct 29 15:10:03 IST 2013
pool-1-thread-1 Start. Time = Tue Oct 29 15:10:14 IST 2013
pool-1-thread-2 Start. Time = Tue Oct 29 15:10:15 IST 2013
pool-1-thread-3 Start. Time = Tue Oct 29 15:10:16 IST 2013
pool-1-thread-1 End. Time = Tue Oct 29 15:10:19 IST 2013
pool-1-thread-2 End. Time = Tue Oct 29 15:10:20 IST 2013
pool-1-thread-3 End. Time = Tue Oct 29 15:10:21 IST 2013
Finished all threads
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注意到所有的schedule方法都返回了ScheduledFuture实例,可以用于获取线程状态信息和延迟时间。ScheduledFuture接口继承Future接口,更多信息见Java Callable Future Example.
在ScheduledExecutorService中至少有2个方法可用于周期性执行任务。
scheduleAtFixedRate(Runnable command,long initialDelay,long period,TimeUnit unit)
我们可以使用该方法延迟执行任务,设置任务的执行周期。时间周期从线程池中首先开始执行的线程算起,所以假设period为1s,线程执行了5s,那么下一个线程在第一个线程运行完后会很快被执行。
比如下面的代码
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for
(
int
i =
0
; i <
3
; i++) {
Thread.sleep(
1000
);
WorkerThread worker =
new
WorkerThread(
"do heavy processing"
);
// schedule task to execute at fixed rate
scheduledThreadPool.scheduleAtFixedRate(worker,
0
,
10
,
TimeUnit.SECONDS);
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Current Time = Tue Oct 29 16:10:00 IST 2013
pool-1-thread-1 Start. Time = Tue Oct 29 16:10:01 IST 2013
pool-1-thread-2 Start. Time = Tue Oct 29 16:10:02 IST 2013
pool-1-thread-3 Start. Time = Tue Oct 29 16:10:03 IST 2013
pool-1-thread-1 End. Time = Tue Oct 29 16:10:06 IST 2013
pool-1-thread-2 End. Time = Tue Oct 29 16:10:07 IST 2013
pool-1-thread-3 End. Time = Tue Oct 29 16:10:08 IST 2013
pool-1-thread-1 Start. Time = Tue Oct 29 16:10:11 IST 2013
pool-1-thread-4 Start. Time = Tue Oct 29 16:10:12 IST 2013
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for
(
int
i =
0
; i <
3
; i++) {
Thread.sleep(
1000
);
WorkerThread worker =
new
WorkerThread(
"do heavy processing"
);
scheduledThreadPool.scheduleWithFixedDelay(worker,
0
,
1
,
TimeUnit.SECONDS);
}
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Current Time = Tue Oct 29 16:14:13 IST 2013
pool-1-thread-1 Start. Time = Tue Oct 29 16:14:14 IST 2013
pool-1-thread-2 Start. Time = Tue Oct 29 16:14:15 IST 2013
pool-1-thread-3 Start. Time = Tue Oct 29 16:14:16 IST 2013
pool-1-thread-1 End. Time = Tue Oct 29 16:14:19 IST 2013
pool-1-thread-2 End. Time = Tue Oct 29 16:14:20 IST 2013
pool-1-thread-1 Start. Time = Tue Oct 29 16:14:20 IST 2013
pool-1-thread-3 End. Time = Tue Oct 29 16:14:21 IST 2013
pool-1-thread-4 Start. Time = Tue Oct 29 16:14:21 IST 2013
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