Java的内存管理3:"用ReferenceQueue代替finalize( )"

《Java的内存管理2》提到finalize方法延缓了GC在heap中对类实例的回收，尤其在JVM内存吃紧时，所幸的是这种延缓仅会发生一次。也正是因为finalize方法只会在GC首次打算回收该实例时被调用，因此finalize方法极大地不同于C++中的析构函数：当一个实例再次被JVM装入内存，直到它被销毁前，你无法在finalize方法中执行关闭文件连接等操作。

在C++缓存管理过程中，程序员通常会自己新建一个队列，将被清除出内存的实例推入队列，等下次被调用时再取出。好在java.lang.ref.ReferenceQueue帮我们实现了这个队列，我们只需将软引用实例在队列中注册即可。因此，如果你需要对象中的一些操作，仅在它的实例被GC回收时才执行，便可以通过ReferenceQueue队列调用它们。JavaDoc1.6写道：

SoftReferencepublic  SoftReference ( referent,
<? super > q)

创建一个引用给定对象的新的软引用，并向给定队列注册该引用。

参数：

referent - 新的软引用将引用的对象

q - 该引用向其注册的队列，如果不需要注册，则为  null

我将上篇示例代码中的finalize（）方法的内容注释掉，新建了一个GC监听线程，监听哪些实例被GC清理到ReferenceQueue队列中，并显示它们。

ReferenceQueue中的remove（）方法将返回队列中下一个新生效的实例引用（所有实例都已经在队列中注册，当一个实例被GC清理出内存后，该实例在队列中的引用就会生效）。线程随后被阻塞，直到队列中有新生效引用为止。JavaDoc1.6写道：

removepublic <? extends >  remove ()
throws

移除此队列中的下一个引用对象，阻塞到某个对象变得可用为止。

返回：

某个引用对象，阻塞到某个对象变得可用为止。

抛出：

- 如果等待被中断

控制台输出结果如下：

Creating bookshelf: 1
Creating bookshelf: 2
Monitor:1 was collected.
Creating bookshelf: 3
Creating bookshelf: 4
Creating bookshelf: 5
Creating bookshelf: 6
Creating bookshelf: 7
Creating bookshelf: 8
Creating bookshelf: 9
Creating bookshelf: 10
Creating bookshelf: 11
Creating bookshelf: 12
Creating bookshelf: 13
Monitor:2 was collected.
Monitor:3 was collected.
Monitor:4 was collected.
Monitor:5 was collected.
Monitor:6 was collected.
Monitor:7 was collected.
Monitor:8 was collected.
Monitor:9 was collected.
Monitor:10 was collected.
Monitor:11 was collected.
Creating bookshelf: 14
Creating bookshelf: 15
Creating bookshelf: 16
Creating bookshelf: 17
Creating bookshelf: 18
Creating bookshelf: 19
Creating bookshelf: 20
Creating bookshelf: 21
Creating bookshelf: 22
Monitor:12 was collected.
Monitor:13 was collected.
Monitor:14 was collected.
Monitor:15 was collected.
Monitor:16 was collected.
Monitor:17 was collected.
Monitor:18 was collected.
Monitor:19 was collected.
Monitor:20 was collected.
Monitor:21 was collected.
Creating bookshelf: 23
Creating bookshelf: 24
Creating bookshelf: 2

import java.lang.ref.ReferenceQueue;
import java.lang.ref.SoftReference;

class Book
{
	char[] symbols = new char[300000];
}

class BookShelf
{
	private int ID;

	Book[] books = new Book[100];

	public BookShelf()
	{
		for (int i = 0; i < books.length; i++)
		{
			books[i] = new Book();
		}
		// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
	}

	public BookShelf(int ID)
	{
		this.ID = ID;
		for (int i = 0; i < books.length; i++)
		{
			books[i] = new Book();
		}
		// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
	}

	@Override
	protected void finalize() throws Throwable
	{
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		// super.finalize();
		// System.out.println("BookShelf: " + ID + " is dying!");
	}
}

public class Library
{
	public static void main(String[] args)
	{
		// BookShelf[] shelves = new BookShelf[50];
		// SoftReference[] shelves = new SoftReference[50];
		BookShelfReference[] shelves = new BookShelfReference[50];
		GarbageMonitor monitor = new GarbageMonitor(BookShelfReference.collectedQueue);
		monitor.start();
		for (int i = 0; i < shelves.length; i++)
		{
			// shelves[i] = new BookShelf();
			shelves[i] = new BookShelfReference(new BookShelf(i + 1));
			System.out.println("Creating bookshelf: " + (i + 1));
		}
	}
}

class BookShelfReference extends SoftReference
{

	int ID;
	static ReferenceQueue<BookShelfReference> collectedQueue = new ReferenceQueue<BookShelfReference>();

	public BookShelfReference(BookShelf shelf)
	{
		super(shelf, collectedQueue);
		this.ID = ID;
		// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
	}
}

class GarbageMonitor extends Thread
{
	ReferenceQueue<BookShelfReference> queue;

	public GarbageMonitor(ReferenceQueue<BookShelfReference> queue)
	{
		this.queue = queue;
		// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
	}

	@Override
	public void run()
	{
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		super.run();
		while (true)
		{
			try
			{
				BookShelfReference shelfRef = (BookShelfReference) queue.remove();
				System.out.println("Monitor:" + shelfRef.ID + " was collected.");
			}
			catch (Exception e)
			{
				break;
				// TODO: handle exception
			}
		}
	}
}