为了便于初学者理解,C语言单元测试的方法,写了实例教程.
初学者1个星期就能完成学习,理解并运用.
1. EXPECT_TRUE
基本判定 使用场景: 验证结果为真
对真/假的条件进行判定
终止断言 | 普通判定 | 验证 |
---|---|---|
ASSERT_TRUE(条件); | EXPECT_TRUE(条件); | 验证条件为真 |
ASSERT_FALSE(条件); | EXPECT_FALSE(条件); | 验证条件为假 |
测试举例
运行结果
[ RUN ] HelloGtest.case_EXPECT_TRUE
Hello Gtest!
[ OK ] HelloGtest.case_EXPECT_TRUE (0 ms)
命中[ 2 ]总行数[ 2 ]覆盖率[100.0%]
2. ASSERT_TRUE
ASSERT_TRUE, 使用场景: 验证结果为真,失败时,程序终止
对真/假的条件进行判定
终止断言 | 普通判定 | 验证 |
---|---|---|
ASSERT_TRUE(条件); | EXPECT_TRUE(条件); | 验证条件为真 |
ASSERT_FALSE(条件); | EXPECT_FALSE(条件); | 验证条件为假 |
测试举例
运行结果
[ RUN ] HelloGtest.case_ASSERT_TRUE
case_ASSERT_TRUE.c:10: Failure
Value of: value==32768
Actual: false
Expected: true
32767+1 is not 32768, which is-32768
[ FAILED ] HelloGtest.case_ASSERT_TRUE (0 ms)
命中[ 2 ]总行数[ 2 ]覆盖率[100.0%]
3.EXPECT_EQ
EXPECT_EQ 数值比较判定 使用场景: 确认两个数值相等
对数值条件进行比较判定
终止断言 | 普通判定 | 验证 |
---|---|---|
ASSERT_EQ(val1, val2); | EXPECT_EQ(val1, val2); | val1 == val2 |
ASSERT_NE(val1, val2); | EXPECT_NE(val1, val2); | val1 != val2 |
ASSERT_LT(val1, val2); | EXPECT_LT(val1, val2); | val1 < val2 |
ASSERT_LE(val1, val2); | EXPECT_LE(val1, val2); | val1 <= val2 |
ASSERT_GT(val1, val2); | EXPECT_GT(val1, val2); | val1 > val2 |
ASSERT_GE(val1, val2); | EXPECT_GE(val1, val2); | val1 >= val2 |
测试举例
运行结果
[ RUN ] HelloGtest.case_EXPECT_EQ
[ OK ] HelloGtest.case_EXPECT_EQ (0 ms)
命中[ 4 ]总行数[ 8 ]覆盖率[50.0%]
EXPECT_STREQ
字符串比较 使用场景: 字符串比较
Fatal assertion | Nonfatal assertion | Verifies |
---|---|---|
ASSERT_STREQ(str1,str2); | EXPECT_STREQ(str1,str2); | the two C strings have the same content |
ASSERT_STRNE(str1,str2); | EXPECT_STRNE(str1,str2); | the two C strings have different contents |
ASSERT_STRCASEEQ(str1,str2); | EXPECT_STRCASEEQ(str1,str2); | the two C strings have the same content, ignoring case |
ASSERT_STRCASENE(str1,str2); | EXPECT_STRCASENE(str1,str2); | the two C strings have different contents, ignoring case |
代码举例
运行结果
[ RUN ] HelloGtest.case_EXPECT_STREQ
[ OK ] HelloGtest.case_EXPECT_STREQ (0 ms)
命中[ 3 ]总行数[ 10 ]覆盖率[30.0%]
EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ
浮点数比较 使用场景: 浮点数比较
浮点数比较特殊,必须使用浮点数宏进行比较
Fatal assertion | Nonfatal assertion | Verifies |
---|---|---|
ASSERT_FLOAT_EQ(val1, val2); | EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(val1, val2); | the two float values are almost equal |
ASSERT_DOUBLE_EQ(val1, val2); | EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(val1, val2); | the two double values are almost equal |
下面的宏,可以进行浮点数范围比较
Fatal assertion | Nonfatal assertion | Verifies |
---|---|---|
ASSERT_NEAR(val1, val2, abs_error); | EXPECT_NEAR(val1, val2, abs_error); | the difference between val1 and val2 doesn't exceed the given absolute error |
测试代码
运行结果
[ RUN ] HelloGtest.case_EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ
[ OK ] HelloGtest.case_EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ (0 ms)
[ RUN ] HelloGtest.case_EXPECT_NEAR
[ OK ] HelloGtest.case_EXPECT_NEAR (0 ms)
命中[ 4 ]总行数[ 10 ]覆盖率[40.0%]
EXPECT_DEATH
EXPECT_EXIT
Death Test终止测试
使用场景:检验程序的退出码,退出信号,退出时打印的字符串
终止测试的宏如下
Fatal assertion | Nonfatal assertion | Verifies |
---|---|---|
ASSERT_DEATH(statement, matcher); | EXPECT_DEATH(statement, matcher); | statement crashes with the given error |
ASSERT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED(statement, matcher); | EXPECT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED(statement, matcher); | if death tests are supported, verifies that statement crashes with the given error; otherwise verifies nothing |
ASSERT_DEBUG_DEATH(statement, matcher); | EXPECT_DEBUG_DEATH(statement, matcher); | statement crashes with the given error in debug mode. When not in debug (i.e. NDEBUG is defined), this just executes statement |
ASSERT_EXIT(statement, predicate, matcher); | EXPECT_EXIT(statement, predicate, matcher); | statement exits with the given error, and its exit code matches predicate |
设置期待程序退出时的exit code
ExitedWithCode(exit_code)
设置程序退出时收到的Signal (只支持在Linux上使用)
KilledBySignal(signal_number) // Not available on Windows.
字符串检查支持正则表达式
Expression | Meaning |
---|---|
c | matches any literal character c |
\\d | matches any decimal digit |
\\D | matches any character that's not a decimal digit |
\\f | matches \f |
\\n | matches \n |
\\r | matches \r |
\\s | matches any ASCII whitespace, including \n |
\\S | matches any character that's not a whitespace |
\\t | matches \t |
\\v | matches \v |
\\w | matches any letter, _, or decimal digit |
\\W | matches any character that \\w doesn't match |
\\c | matches any literal character c, which must be a punctuation |
. | matches any single character except \n |
A? | matches 0 or 1 occurrences of A |
A* | matches 0 or many occurrences of A |
A+ | matches 1 or many occurrences of A |
^ | matches the beginning of a string (not that of each line) |
$ | matches the end of a string (not that of each line) |
xy | matches x followed by y |
测试代码
运行结果
[ RUN ] DeathTest.case_EXPECT_DEATH
[ OK ] DeathTest.case_EXPECT_DEATH (94 ms)
[ RUN ] DeathTest.NormalExit
case_EXPECT_DEATH.c:21: Failure
Death test: GetValueFloat(3)
Result: died but not with expected exit code:
Exited with exit status 123
Actual msg:
[ DEATH ]
命中[ 3 ]总行数[ 10 ]覆盖率[30.0%]