1. 等待唤醒机制
1. 等待唤醒机制的引入
2. 等待唤醒机制
(1)带有线程安全问题、不是等待唤醒机制的代码
public class TestDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Student student = new Student();
SetStudentThread th1 = new SetStudentThread(student);
GetStudentThread th2 = new GetStudentThread(student);
th1.start();
th2.start();
/**运行结果
* 张三===44 错误
* 张三===33
* 李四===44
* 李四===44
* 张三===33
* 张三===44 错误
* 李四===44
* 张三===33
* 李四===44
*
* 很明显出现错误
*/
}
}
class Student{
public String name;
public int age;
//定义一个标记,用来表示是否有资源
//false表示没资源,true表示有资源
public boolean falg = false;
}
//生成者线程:如果有了资源,我要等着,还得通知消费线程去消费。
class SetStudentThread extends Thread{
private Student student;
int i = 1;
public SetStudentThread(Student student) {
this.student = student;
}
@Override
public void run() {
while (true){
if (i % 2 == 0){
//生产资源
student.name = "张三";
student.age = 33;
}else {
//生产资源
student.name = "李四";
student.age = 44;
}
i++;
}
}
}
//消费者线程:如果没有资源,就等着,通知生成者去生产资源
class GetStudentThread extends Thread{
private Student student;
public GetStudentThread(Student student) {
this.student = student;
}
@Override
public void run() {
while (true){
System.out.println(student.name + "===" + student.age);
}
}
}
(2)没有线程安全问题、但不是等待唤醒机制的代码
public class TestDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Student student = new Student();
SetStudentThread th1 = new SetStudentThread(student);
GetStudentThread th2 = new GetStudentThread(student);
th1.start();
th2.start();
}
}
class Student{
public String name;
public int age;
//定义一个标记,用来表示是否有资源
//false表示没资源,true表示有资源
public boolean flag = false;
}
//生成者线程:如果有了资源,我要等着,还得通知消费线程去消费。
class SetStudentThread extends Thread{
private Student student;
int i = 1;
public SetStudentThread(Student student) {
this.student = student;
}
@Override
public void run() {
while (true){
synchronized (student){
if (i % 2 == 0){
//生产资源
student.name = "张三";
student.age = 33;
}else {
//生产资源
student.name = "李四";
student.age = 44;
}
}
i++;
}
}
}
//消费者线程:如果没有资源,就等着,通知生成者去生产资源
class GetStudentThread extends Thread{
private Student student;
public GetStudentThread(Student student) {
this.student = student;
}
@Override
public void run() {
while (true){
synchronized (student){
System.out.println(student.name + "===" + student.age);
}
}
}
}
(3)等待唤醒机制的代码:学生对象为例
void wait()/void wait(long timeout):在其他线程调用此对象的 notify () 方法或 notifyAll () 方法前,导致当前线程等待
void notify():唤醒在此对象监视器上等待的单个线程。
void notifyAll():唤醒在此对象监视器上等待的所有线程。
public class TestDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Student student = new Student();
SetStudentThread th1 = new SetStudentThread(student);
GetStudentThread th2 = new GetStudentThread(student);
th1.start();
th2.start();
/**运行结果
* 张三===33
* 李四===44
* 张三===33
* 李四===44
* 张三===33
* 李四===44
* 张三===33
*/
}
}
class Student{
public String name;
public int age;
//定义一个标记,用来表示是否有资源
//false表示没资源,true表示有资源
public boolean flag = false;
}
//生成者线程:如果有了资源,我要等着,还得通知消费线程去消费。
class SetStudentThread extends Thread{
private Student student;
int i = 1;
public SetStudentThread(Student student) {
this.student = student;
}
@Override
public void run() {
while (true){
synchronized (student){
if (student.flag){
//有资源,生产者线程就等待
try {
student.wait();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
//没有资源则生产资源
if (i % 2 == 0){
//生产资源
student.name = "张三";
student.age = 33;
}else {
//生产资源
student.name = "李四";
student.age = 44;
}
//生产完资源后通知消费者线程去消费资源
//修改标记
student.flag = true;
student.notify(); //通知唤醒消费者
}
i++;
}
}
}
//消费者线程:如果没有资源,就等着,通知生成者去生产资源
class GetStudentThread extends Thread{
private Student student;
public GetStudentThread(Student student) {
this.student = student;
}
@Override
public void run() {
while (true){
synchronized (student){
if (! student.flag){ //false
//消费者没有资源,就等着
try {
student.wait();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
//有了资源就消费
System.out.println(student.name + "===" + student.age);
//消费后就没有了
//通知生产者去生产
student.flag = false;
student.notify();
}
}
}
}
(4)等待唤醒机制的代码:吃包子为例
public class DemoEatBaozi {
public static void main(String[] args) {
BaoZi bz = new BaoZi();
new BaoZiPu(bz).start();
new ChiHuo(bz).start();
}
}
class BaoZi{
String pi;
String xian;
//设置包子的状态,true:有包子 false:没包子
boolean flag = false; //默认没包子
}
class BaoZiPu extends Thread{
//1.定义一个包子变量
private BaoZi bz;
public BaoZiPu(BaoZi bz) {
this.bz = bz;
}
//生产包子
@Override
public void run() {
int count = 0;
while (true){
synchronized (bz){
if (bz.flag == true){ //有包子则等待
try {
bz.wait();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
//被唤醒之后执行,生产包子
if (count % 2 == 0){
//生产薄皮三鲜馅包子
bz.pi = "薄皮";
bz.xian = "三鲜";
}else {
//生产冰皮牛肉大葱馅
bz.pi = "冰皮";
bz.xian = "牛肉大葱";
}
count++;
System.out.println("包子铺正在生产" + bz.pi + bz.xian + "的包子");
//生产包子需要3秒
try {
Thread.sleep(3000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
//改状态
bz.flag = true;
//唤醒等待的吃货线程
bz.notify();
System.out.println("已经生产了好了" + bz.pi + bz.xian + "的包子,可以开始吃了");
}
}
}
}
class ChiHuo extends Thread{
private BaoZi bz;
public ChiHuo(BaoZi bz) {
this.bz = bz;
}
@Override
public void run() {
while (true){
synchronized (bz){
if (bz.flag == false){ //没包子,等待
try {
bz.wait();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
//被唤醒之后
System.out.println("吃货正在吃" + bz.pi + bz.xian + "的包子");
//吃完后修改状态
bz.flag = false;
//唤醒包子铺线程
bz.notify();
System.out.println("吃货已经吃完了包子,包子铺已经开始生产包子了");
System.out.println("--------------------------------");
}
}
}
}
3. 线程的状态
4. 匿名内部类来开启线程
public class TestDemo02 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Thread th1 = new Thread() {
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println("匿名内部类创建的线程--111");
}
};
th1.start();
System.out.println("-------------------------");
new Thread(){
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println("匿名内部类创建的线程--222");
}
}.start();
System.out.println("-------------------------");
new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println("匿名内部类创建的线程--333");
}
}).start();
}
}
2. 线程池
1. 线程池的概述:
(1)线程池:容器,存有一定数量线程对象的容器,线程池可以复用管理线程对象
(2)使用线程池可以很好的提高性能,尤其是当程序中要创建大量生存期很短的线程时,更应该考虑使用线程池
(3)线程池里的每一个线程代码结束后,并不会死亡,而是再次回到线程池中成为空闲状态,等待下一个对象来使用
(4)从JDK5开始,Java内置支持线程池
2. 线程池的使用:
(1)生产线程池
JDK1.5新增了一个Executors工厂类来产生线程池,有如下几个方法
public static ExecutorService newCachedThreadPool():根据任务的数量来创建线程对应的线程个数
public static ExecutorService newFixedThreadPool(int nThreads):固定初始化几个线程
public static ExecutorService newSingleThreadExecutor():初始化一个线程的线程池
(2)使用方法
Future<?> submit(Runnable task):添加线程
<T> Future<T> submit(Callable<T> task):添加线程
void shutdown():关闭线程池
(3)代码示例
public class TestDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
//public static ExecutorService newCachedThreadPool():根据任务的数量来创建线程对应的线程个数
ExecutorService es1 = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
es1.submit(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "执行了这个任务");
}
}); //pool-1-thread-1执行了这个任务
Future<Integer> future = es1.submit(new Callable<Integer>() {
@Override
public Integer call() throws Exception {
System.out.println("call方法执行了");
return 200;
}
}); //call方法执行了
Integer i = future.get();
System.out.println(i); //200
System.out.println("===================================================");
ExecutorService es2 = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(2);
es2.submit(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "哈哈哈");
}
}); //pool-2-thread-1哈哈哈
es2.submit(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "呵呵呵");
}
}); //pool-2-thread-2呵呵呵
System.out.println("===================================================");
//public static ExecutorService newSingleThreadExecutor():初始化一个线程的线程池
ExecutorService es3 = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
es3.submit(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "德玛西亚!");
}
}); //pool-3-thread-1德玛西亚!
es3.submit(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "诺克萨斯!");
}
}); //pool-3-thread-1诺克萨斯!
}
}
3. Timer定时器
1. Timer定时器的概述:一种工具,线程用其安排以后在后台线程中执行的任务。可安排任务执行一次,或者定期重复执行。可以通过Timer和TimerTask类来实现定义调度的功能
2. Timer和TimerTask
Timer:
public Timer()
public void schedule(TimerTask task, long delay):
public void schedule(TimerTask task,long delay,long period);
public void schedule(TimerTask task, Date time):
public void schedule(TimerTask task, Date firstTime, long period)
TimerTask:定时任务
public abstract void run()
public boolean cancel()
3. 代码示例
public class TestDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Timer timer = new Timer();
MyTimeTask mtt = new MyTimeTask(timer);
// //3s后执行任务
// timer.schedule(mtt,3000);
//3秒后执行任务,且每隔1秒执行一次
timer.schedule(mtt,3000,1000);
}
}
class MyTimeTask extends TimerTask{
private Timer timer;
public MyTimeTask(Timer timer) {
this.timer = timer;
}
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println("定时器执行了!");
}
}
===============================================================================================
public class TestDemo02 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws ParseException {
Timer timer = new Timer();
MyTask mt = new MyTask();
String dateStr = "2020-6-10 10:22:00";
Date date = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss").parse(dateStr);
//在2020-6-10 10:22:00执行定时器任务
timer.schedule(mt,date);
}
}
class MyTask extends TimerTask{
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println("定时器任务执行了!");
}
}