设计模式（一） 单例模式

  1.饿汉式  

  简单、线程安全；但静态对象一直存在，占内存

public class SingletonTest {  

    private static final SingletonTest instance = new SingletonTest();  

    private SingletonTest() {  
    }

    public static SingletonTest getInstancei() { 
        return instance;  
    }
}

  2.饱汉式  较饿汉式相对节约内存，调用方法时才会去创建实例；但线程不安全

public class SingletonTest {

    private SingletonTest() {   
    }   

    private static SingletonTest instance;   

    public static SingletonTest getInstance() {   
        if (instance == null)   
            instance = new SingletonTest();   
        return instance;   
    }   
}

  3.饱汉式（优化1） 

  简单粗暴解决线程安全问题；但是效率较低

public class SingletonTest {

    private SingletonTest() {   
    }   

    //这里的volatile保证new SingletonTest()时的顺序性
    private static volatile SingletonTest instance;   

    public static synchronized SingletonTest getInstance() {   
        if (instance == null)   
            instance = new SingletonTest();   
        return instance;   
    }   
}

 4.饱汉式（优化2）  

  效率相对提升

public class SingletonTest { 

    private SingletonTest() { 
     
    }   
    //这里的volatile保证new SingletonTest()时的顺序性
    private static volatile SingletonTest instance;  

    public static SingletonTest getIstance() { 
        if (instance == null) {
            synchronized (SingletonTest.class) {
                if (instance == null) {
                    instance = new SingletonTest();   
                }   
            }   
        }   
        return instance;   
    }   
}

  4.静态内部枚举类（推荐）

public class EnumSingleton{
    private EnumSingleton(){}
    public static EnumSingleton getInstance(){
        return Singleton.INSTANCE.getInstance();
    }
    
    private static enum Singleton{
        INSTANCE;
        
        private EnumSingleton singleton;
        
        //JVM会保证此方法绝对只调用一次
        private Singleton(){
            singleton = new EnumSingleton();
        }

        public EnumSingleton getInstance(){
            return singleton;
        }
    }
}