jpeg header parser

根据itu-t81及其他jpeg文档,  写了个header解析。 主要从SOF0段解析出width和height。

比较常见的marker及顺序如下:

TLA	Name	Hex	Size	Required	Special Notes
SOI	start of image	0xFF 0xD8	This tag does not have a size.	Yes	This tag must be the first one in the file.
APP0	application data	0xFF 0xE0	0x00 0x10 (16 bytes) for a standard image without a thumbnail.	Yes	This tag must come immediately after the SOI.
DQT	define quantization table	0xFF 0xDB	Variable size. Typically 0x00 0x43 (67 bytes) per table if this tag appears multiple times in the file. 0x00 0x84 (204 bytes) if two tables have been combined into a single tag. More if there are multiple tables, or if the tables are 16-bit instead of 8-bit.	Yes	The standard allows for multiple tables to be combined into a single DQT tag. I've seen both in use, JPEG files with multiple DQT segments, and JPEG files where the tables have been combined.
DHT	define Huffman table	0xFF 0xC4	Variable, depending on the number and the size of the tables.	Yes	The standard allows for multiple tables to be combined into a single DHT tag. I've seen both in use, JPEG files with multiple DHT segments, and JPEG files where the tables have been combined.
SOF0	start of frame (baseline DCT)	0xFF 0xC0	Variable size. Typically 0x00 0x11 (17 bytes) for images with 3 components (e.g., YCrCb).	Yes, but see "special notes".	SOF0 can be replaced with SOF1 (0xFFC1, extended sequential DCT), SOF2 (0xFFC2, progressive DCT), etc...
COM	comment	0xFF 0xFE	Variable size.	No
SOS	start of scan	0xFF 0xDA	Complicated. See below for details.	Yes	The compressed image data comes immediately after the SOS tag.
EOI	end of image	0xFF 0xD9	This tag does not have a size.	Yes	This tag must be the last one in the image.

 

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代码:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <unistd.h>

/* JPEG marker definitions. refer to itu-t81 Table B.1 */

/* Start Of Frame markers, non-differential, Huffman coding */
#define JPEG_MARKER_SOF0	0xc0	/* Baseline DCT */
#define JPEG_MARKER_SOF1	0xc1	/* Extended sequential DCT */
#define JPEG_MARKER_SOF2	0xc2	/* Progressive DCT */
#define JPEG_MARKER_SOF3	0xc3	/* Lossless(sequential) */

/* Start Of Frame markers, differential, Huffman coding */
#define JPEG_MARKER_SOF4	0xc5	/* Differential sequential DCT */
#define JPEG_MARKER_SOF5	0xc6	/* Differential progressive DCT */
#define JPEG_MARKER_SOF6	0xc7	/* Differential Lossless(sequential) */

/* Start Of Frame markers, non-differential, arithmetic coding */
#define JPEG_MARKER_JPG		0xc8	/* Reserved for JPEG extensions */
#define JPEG_MARKER_SOF9	0xc9	/* Extended sequential DCT */
#define JPEG_MARKER_SOF10	0xca	/* Progressive DCT */
#define JPEG_MARKER_SOF11	0xcb	/* Lossless(dequential) */

/* Start Of Frame markers, differential, arithmetic coding */
#define JPEG_MARKER_SOF13	0xcd	/* Differential sequential DCT */
#define JPEG_MARKER_SOF14	0xce	/* Differential progressive DCT */
#define JPEG_MARKER_SOF15	0xcf	/* Differential lossless(sequential) */

/* Restart interval termination */
#define JPEG_MARKER_RST0	0xd0	/* Restart ...*/
#define JPEG_MARKER_RST1	0xd1
#define JPEG_MARKER_RST2	0xd2
#define JPEG_MARKER_RST3	0xd3
#define JPEG_MARKER_RST4	0xd4
#define JPEG_MARKER_RST5	0xd5
#define JPEG_MARKER_RST6	0xd6
#define JPEG_MARKER_RST7	0xd7
#define JPEG_MARKER_RST8	0xd8
#define JPEG_MARKER_RST9	0xd9

/* Huffman table specification */
#define JPEG_MARKER_DHT		0xc4	/* Define Huffman table(s) */

/* Arithmetic coding conditioning specification */
#define JPEG_MARKER_DAC		0xcc	/* Define arithmetic coding conditioning(s) */

/* Other markers */
#define JPEG_MARKER_SOI		0xd8	/* Start of image */
#define JPEG_MARKER_EOI		0xd9	/* End of image */
#define JPEG_MARKER_SOS		0xda	/* Start of scan */
#define JPEG_MARKER_DQT		0xdb	/* Define quantization table(s) */
#define JPEG_MARKER_DNL		0xdc	/* Define number of lines */
#define JPEG_MARKER_DRI		0xdd	/* Define restart interval */
#define JPEG_MARKER_DHP		0xde	/* Define hierarchial progression */
#define JPEG_MARKER_EXP		0xdf	/* Expand reference component(s) */
#define JPEG_MARKER_APP0	0xe0	/* Application marker, JFIF/AVI1... */
#define JPEG_MARKER_APP1	0xe1	/* EXIF Metadata etc... */
#define JPEG_MARKER_APP2	0xe2	/* Not common... */
#define JPEG_MARKER_APP13	0xed	/* Photoshop Save As: IRB, 8BIM, IPTC */
#define JPEG_MARKER_APP14	0xee	/* Not common... */
#define JPEG_MARKER_APP15	0xef	/* Not common... */

static const char *seg_name[] = {
	"Baseline DCT; Huffman",
	"Extended sequential DCT; Huffman",
	"Progressive DCT; Huffman",
	"Spatial lossless; Huffman",
	"Huffman table",
	"Differential sequential DCT; Huffman",
	"Differential progressive DCT; Huffman",
	"Differential spatial; Huffman",
	"[Reserved: JPEG extension]",
	"Extended sequential DCT; Arithmetic",
	"Progressive DCT; Arithmetic",
	"Spatial lossless; Arithmetic",
	"Arithmetic coding conditioning",
	"Differential sequential DCT; Arithmetic",
	"Differential progressive DCT; Arithmetic",
	"Differential spatial; Arithmetic",
	"Restart",
	"Restart",
	"Restart",
	"Restart",
	"Restart",
	"Restart",
	"Restart",
	"Restart",
	"Start of image",
	"End of image",
	"Start of scan",
	"Quantisation table",
	"Number of lines",
	"Restart interval",
	"Hierarchical progression",
	"Expand reference components",
	"JFIF header",
	"[Reserved: application extension]",
	"[Reserved: application extension]",
	"[Reserved: application extension]",
	"[Reserved: application extension]",
	"[Reserved: application extension]",
	"[Reserved: application extension]",
	"[Reserved: application extension]",
	"[Reserved: application extension]",
	"[Reserved: application extension]",
	"[Reserved: application extension]",
	"[Reserved: application extension]",
	"[Reserved: application extension]",
	"[Reserved: application extension]",
	"[Reserved: application extension]",
	"[Reserved: application extension]",
	"[Reserved: JPEG extension]",
	"[Reserved: JPEG extension]",
	"[Reserved: JPEG extension]",
	"[Reserved: JPEG extension]",
	"[Reserved: JPEG extension]",
	"[Reserved: JPEG extension]",
	"[Reserved: JPEG extension]",
	"[Reserved: JPEG extension]",
	"[Reserved: JPEG extension]",
	"[Reserved: JPEG extension]",
	"[Reserved: JPEG extension]",
	"[Reserved: JPEG extension]",
	"[Reserved: JPEG extension]",
	"[Reserved: JPEG extension]",
	"Comment",
	"[Invalid]",
};

void show_segment(uint32_t marker)
{
	int32_t index = marker - 0xc0;

	if (index < 0 || index >= sizeof(seg_name)/sizeof(char *))
		return;

	printf("%s\n", seg_name[index]);
}

void usage(void) {
	printf("usage: jpeg_parse file\n");

	return;
}

int parse_jpeg_header(uint8_t *data, uint32_t length, uint32_t *width, uint32_t *height, uint32_t *format)
{
	uint8_t *start, *end, *cur;
	int found = 0;

	start = data;
	end = data + length;
	cur = start;

	// printf("start - %p, cur - %p, end - %p\n", start, cur, end);

#define READ_U8(value) do \
	{ \
		(value) = *cur; \
		++cur; \
	} while (0)

#define READ_U16(value) do \
	{ \
		uint16_t w = *((uint16_t *)cur); \
		cur += 2; \
		(value) = (((w & 0xff) << 8) | ((w & 0xff00) >> 8)); \
		/* printf("w = 0x%x, value = 0x%x\n", w, value); */\
	} while (0)

	while (cur < end) {
		uint8_t marker;

		if (*cur++ != 0xff) {
			printf("%2x%2x->%2x%2x\n", *(cur-2), *(cur-1), *cur, *(cur+1));;
			printf("cur pos: 0x%lx\n", cur-start);
			break;
		}

		READ_U8(marker);

		if (marker == JPEG_MARKER_SOS)
			break;

		show_segment(marker);

		switch (marker) {
		case JPEG_MARKER_SOI:
			break;
		case JPEG_MARKER_DRI:
			cur += 4;	/* |length[0..1]||rst_interval[2..3]|*/
			break;
		case JPEG_MARKER_SOF2:
			fprintf(stderr, "progressive JPEGs not suppoted\n");
			break;
		case JPEG_MARKER_SOF0: {
			uint16_t length;
			uint8_t sample_precision;

			READ_U16(length);
			length -= 2;

			READ_U8(sample_precision);
			printf("sample_precision = %d\n", sample_precision);

			READ_U16(*height);
			READ_U16(*width);
			length -= 5;

			cur += length;

			found = 1;
			break;
		}
		default: {
			uint16_t length;
			READ_U16(length);
			// printf("cur: 0x%lx, length: 0x%x\n", cur-start, length);
			length -= 2;
			cur += length;
			break;
		}
		}
	}

	printf("parse jpeg header finish\n");

	return found;
}

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
	int fd, ret;
	uint32_t f_len;
	struct stat stat;
	uint8_t *bs_mem;
	uint32_t width, height, format;

	if (argc != 2)
		usage();

	fd = open(argv[1], O_RDONLY);
	if (fd < 0) {
		fprintf(stderr, "open failed. error:%d-%m\n", errno);
		return -1;
	}

	ret = fstat(fd, &stat);
	if (ret < 0)
		goto err1;

	f_len = stat.st_size;
	printf("file length %d bytes\n", f_len);

	/* allocate mem for jpeg buffer */
	bs_mem = (uint8_t *)malloc(f_len);
	if (!bs_mem)
		goto err1;

	if (read(fd, bs_mem, f_len) < 0) {
		fprintf(stderr, "read %d data failed\n", f_len);
		goto err2;
	}

	/* parse jpeg header */
	if (parse_jpeg_header(bs_mem, f_len, &width, &height, &format))
		printf("picture width: %d, height: %d\n", width, height);

err2:
	free(bs_mem);

err1:
	close(fd);

	return 0;
}