交叉编译py代码为可执行文件Ubuntu-arm

 仅参考，python没成功，有些模块什么的没编译进去

# 解压工具链（假设已下载到当前目录）
需要去官网下
tar -xJvf gcc-linaro-14.0.0-2023.06-x86_64_arm-linux-gnueabihf.tar.xz
sudo mv gcc-linaro-14.0.0-2023.06-x86_64_arm-linux-gnueabihf /opt/gcc-arm

# 配置环境变量
echo 'export PATH=$PATH:/opt/gcc-arm/bin' >> ~/.bashrc
source ~/.bashrc

# 验证工具链
arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc --version  # 应显示 14.0.0

安装依赖库

sudo apt install build-essential libssl-dev zlib1g-dev \
     libncurses5-dev libbz2-dev libreadline-dev libsqlite3-dev \
     liblzma-dev tk-dev libffi-dev

 下载并编译 Python 3.11.7（主机版）

wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.11.7/Python-3.11.7.tgz
tar -xzf Python-3.11.7.tgz
cd Python-3.11.7

# 编译本机工具链组件
./configure --prefix=/opt/python-host
make -j$(nproc)
sudo make altinstall  

添加环境

# 添加 Python 可执行路径 
export PATH="/opt/python-host/bin:$PATH" 
# 添加 Python 库路径（解决模块导入问题） 
export PYTHONPATH="/opt/python-host/lib/python3.11/site-packages:$PYTHONPATH" 



echo 'export PATH="/opt/python-host/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.bashrc
echo 'export PYTHONPATH="/opt/python-host/lib/python3.11/site-packages:$PYTHONPATH"' >> ~/.bashrc
source ~/.bashrc

配置交叉编译参数
cd Python-3.11.7
rm -rf build/  # 清理旧编译文件

编译openssl、zlib、libffi

下载，解压

./config no-asm shared no-async --prefix=/opt/openssl-arm/install --cross-compile-prefix=arm-linux-gnueabihf-

一般需要删除-m64

# 批量替换-m64参数
sed -i 's/-m64//g' Makefile

# 检查以下参数段
grep -rn "CFLAGS=" Makefile  # 删除-m64
grep -rn "CXXFLAGS=" Makefile

make -j$(nproc)
sudo make altinstall

--with-openssl=/home/pi/openssl-1.1.1w/install 

指定prefix对应的路径

--with-build-python  以我这个为例，对应的是py3.11.7 x86 版本

静态编译

设置参数
export ZLIB_ROOT=/opt/zlib-arm     #zlib路径

需要根据对应平台进行查询

ls /dev/ptmx 有就yes，ptc也一样

echo "ac_cv_file__dev_ptmx=yes" > config.site 
echo "ac_cv_file__dev_ptc=no" >> config.site
export CONFIG_SITE=config.site

# 执行 configure
 ./configure   --build=x86_64-linux-gnu   --host=arm-linux-gnueabihf   --prefix=/opt/python-arm   --with-build-python=/opt/python-host/bin/python3.11   --with-openssl=/opt/openssl-arm   --with-system-ffi=/opt/libffi-arm     --disable-ipv6   --disable-shared   --without-ensurepip   CFLAGS="-I/opt/openssl-arm/include -I/opt/libffi-arm/include"   LDFLAGS="-static -L/opt/openssl-arm/lib -L/opt/libffi-arm/lib -l:libssl.a -l:libcrypto.a -l:libffi.a"   LIBS="-lm -ldl"

注意wit和LDFLAGS CFLAGSh的路径
make -j$(nproc)
sudo make altinstall


最终验证是否是静态
arm-linux-gnueabihf-objdump -p /opt/python-arm/bin/python3.11 | grep NEEDED

zlib、openssl、libffi 都需要有对应的.a
无输出就是静态

安装qemu，使用QEMU用户模式仿真​

sudo apt install qemu-user-static
qemu-arm-static --version           查看版本



不能启用armhf架构，通过dpkg --print-foreign-architectures查看，
要不然会提示错误，比如qemu-user-static：armhf什么的错误，然后一些系统命令就会错误

测试

echo -e '#include <stdio.h>\nint main() { printf("Hello from ARM!\\n"); return 0; }' > test.c



需要静态编译
arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc -static -o test_arm_static test.c
/usr/bin/qemu-arm-static ./test_arm_static
正常输出


如果是
arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc -o test_arm test.c
则会提示错误
pi@pi-virtual-machine:~$ /usr/bin/qemu-arm-static ./test_arm
qemu-arm-static: Could not open '/lib/ld-linux-armhf.so.3': No such file or directory

快照或者备份一下

测试qemu调用py3.11 arm

# 通过环境变量强制加载
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH="/opt/python-arm/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH"
qemu-arm-static -L /opt/python-arm/lib /opt/python-arm/bin/python3.11

如果提示

/opt/python-arm/bin/python3.11: error while loading shared libraries: libpython3.11.so.1.0: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

之类的

尝试安装

环境变量控制​​
通过dpkg参数限定安装路径，避免污染系统目录：
sudo dpkg --add-architecture armhf
sudo apt-get install -o Dir::Etc::TrustedParts="/var/lib/apt-arm" libc6:armhf


将上面变量写入文件
echo 'export LD_LIBRARY_PATH="/opt/python-arm/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH"' >> ~/.bashrc
source ~/.bashrc

换源

sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list

# x86_64 主仓库
deb [arch=amd64] https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted
deb [arch=amd64] https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted

# ARM 架构仓库
deb [arch=armhf] https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse
deb [arch=armhf] https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ jam22-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb [arch=armhf] https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse

sudo apt-get update