查询练习总结

-- 如果存在就删除名为hrs的数据库
drop database if exists `hrs`;

-- 创建名为hrs的数据库并指定默认的字符集
create database `hrs` default charset utf8mb4;

-- 切换到hrs数据库
use `hrs`;

-- 创建部门表
create table `tb_dept`
(
`dno` int not null comment '编号',
`dname` varchar(10) not null comment '名称',
`dloc` varchar(20) not null comment '所在地',
primary key (`dno`)
);

-- 插入4个部门
insert into `tb_dept` values 
    (10, '会计部', '北京'),
    (20, '研发部', '成都'),
    (30, '销售部', '重庆'),
    (40, '运维部', '深圳');

-- 创建员工表
create table `tb_emp`
(
`eno` int not null comment '员工编号',
`ename` varchar(20) not null comment '员工姓名',
`job` varchar(20) not null comment '员工职位',
`mgr` int comment '主管编号',
`sal` int not null comment '员工月薪',
`comm` int comment '每月补贴',
`dno` int not null comment '所在部门编号',
primary key (`eno`),
constraint `fk_emp_mgr` foreign key (`mgr`) references tb_emp (`eno`),
constraint `fk_emp_dno` foreign key (`dno`) references tb_dept (`dno`)
);

-- 插入14个员工
insert into `tb_emp` values 
    (7800, '张三丰', '总裁', null, 9000, 1200, 20),
    (2056, '乔峰', '分析师', 7800, 5000, 1500, 20),
    (3088, '李莫愁', '设计师', 2056, 3500, 800, 20),
    (3211, '张无忌', '程序员', 2056, 3200, null, 20),
    (3233, '丘处机', '程序员', 2056, 3400, null, 20),
    (3251, '张翠山', '程序员', 2056, 4000, null, 20),
    (5566, '宋远桥', '会计师', 7800, 4000, 1000, 10),
    (5234, '郭靖', '出纳', 5566, 2000, null, 10),
    (3344, '黄蓉', '销售主管', 7800, 3000, 800, 30),
    (1359, '胡一刀', '销售员', 3344, 1800, 200, 30),
    (4466, '苗人凤', '销售员', 3344, 2500, null, 30),
    (3244, '欧阳锋', '程序员', 3088, 3200, null, 20),
    (3577, '杨过', '会计', 5566, 2200, null, 10),
    (3588, '朱九真', '会计', 5566, 2500, null, 10);

-- 查询员工及其主管的姓名
select t1.ename as 员工姓名
     , t2.ename as 主管姓名
  from tb_emp as t1 left join tb_emp as t2
       on t1.mgr = t2.eno;

-- 查询月薪最高的员工姓名和月薪
-- 方法一：排序（不推荐）
select ename
     , sal
  from tb_emp
 order by sal desc
 limit 1;

-- 方法二：嵌套查询
select ename
     , sal
  from tb_emp
 where sal = (select max(sal) 
                from tb_emp);

-- 方法三：all运算符
select ename
     , sal
  from tb_emp
 where sal >= all(select sal 
                    from tb_emp);

-- 方法四：计数法
select ename
     , sal
  from tb_emp as t1
 where (select count(*) 
          from tb_emp as t2
		 where t2.sal > t1.sal) = 0;

-- 方法五：存在性判断 - exists / not exists
-- 将筛选条件设置为不存在有人比我工资更高
select ename
     , sal
  from tb_emp as t1
 where not exists (select 'x'
                     from tb_emp as t2
					where t2.sal > t1.sal);

-- 查询月薪前3名的员工的姓名和月薪
select ename
     , sal
  from tb_emp as t1
 where (select count(*) 
          from tb_emp as t2
		 where t2.sal > t1.sal) < 3;

-- 查询员工的姓名和年薪(年薪=(sal+comm)*13)
select ename
     , (sal + coalesce(comm, 0)) * 13 as total
  from tb_emp
 order by total desc;

-- 查询部门的编号和人数
select dno
     , count(*)
  from tb_emp
 group by dno;

-- 查询部门人数超过5个人的部门的编号和人数
select dno
     , count(*)
  from tb_emp
 group by dno
having count(*) > 5;

-- 查询所有部门的名称和人数
select dname
     , coalesce(total, 0) as total
  from tb_dept left join (select dno
							   , count(*) as total
						    from tb_emp
						   group by dno) as temp
		   on tb_dept.dno = temp.dno;

-- 查询月薪超过平均月薪的员工的姓名和月薪
select ename
     , sal
  from tb_emp
 where sal > (select avg(sal)
                from tb_emp);

-- 查询月薪超过其所在部门平均月薪的员工的姓名、部门编号和月薪
select ename
     , dno
     , sal
  from tb_emp natural join (select dno
								 , avg(sal) as avg_sal
							  from tb_emp
							 group by dno) as temp
 where sal > avg_sal;

-- 查询部门中月薪最高的人姓名、月薪和所在部门名称
select ename
     , sal
     , dname
  from tb_emp 
       natural join tb_dept
       natural join (select dno
						  , max(sal) as max_sal
					   from tb_emp
					  group by dno) as temp
 where sal = max_sal;

-- 查询主管的姓名和职位
select ename
     , job
  from tb_emp
 where eno in (select distinct mgr 
				 from tb_emp
				where mgr is not null);

select ename
     , job
  from tb_emp
 where eno = any(select distinct mgr 
				   from tb_emp
				  where mgr is not null);

select ename
     , job
  from tb_emp as t1
 where exists (select 'x'
                 from tb_emp as t2
				where t1.eno = t2.mgr);

-- 查询普通员工的姓名和职位
select ename
     , job
  from tb_emp as t1
 where not exists (select 'x'
                     from tb_emp as t2
					where t1.eno = t2.mgr);

-- 查询主管和普通员工的平均月薪

-- 查询月薪排名4~6名的员工排名、姓名和月薪

-- 查询每个部门月薪排前2名的员工姓名、月薪和部门编号