Fragment生命周期

最新推荐文章于 2024-08-23 10:05:51 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-08-23 10:05:51 发布

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分类专栏： Android

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/oHeHeHou/article/details/13168791

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这篇文章主要介绍fragment的生命周期而不是用法。

由于fragment不是独立的组件，需要被添加到Acitvity中，所以Fragment的生命周期和Activity存在一定的关联

和fragment生命周期有关的的几个重要回调方法：

onAttach(Activity) fragment被添加到activity时被调用

onCreate(Bundle) fragment创建时调用

onCreateView(LayoutInflater, ViewGroup, Bundle) fragment初始化界面时调用

onActivityCreated(Bundle) 包含fragment的activity的onCreate方法执行完毕后调用

onStart() fragment可见时，和activitiy的onStart相关联

onResume() 和activitiy的onResume相关联

onPause() activity onPause或者fragment被移除时

onStop() activity onStop或者fragment被移除时

onDestroyView() fragment被移除时，关联的view正在被移除时调用

onDestroy()，onDetach() fragment被移除时调用

API GUIDE给出的图示:

还有1个示意图对比了activity和fragment的生命周期

可以看出，fragment的onAttatch，onCreate，onCreateView，onActivityCreated是fragment的创建阶段，相当于Activity的创建阶段，onStart，onResume，onPause，onStop的流程都和Activity一样，销毁阶段，包含了onDestroyView，onDestroy，onDetach方法。

下面用例子来演示fragment的生命周期：

初次启动的Activity：

MainActivity.java

public class MainActivity extends Activity {
	
	private Button goFragment;
	private Button goActivity;
	private boolean first = true;

	@Override
	protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
		super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
		setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
		Log.v("test", "Activity-onCreate");
		initViews();
	}
	
	@Override
	protected void onResume() {
		super.onResume();
		Log.v("test", "Activity-onResume");
	}

	@Override
	protected void onPause() {
		super.onPause();
		Log.v("test", "Activity-onPause");
	}

	@Override
	protected void onStop() {
		super.onStop();
		Log.v("test", "Activity-onStop");
	}

	@Override
	protected void onDestroy() {
		super.onDestroy();
		Log.v("test", "Activity-onDestroy");
	}

	private void initViews() {
		goFragment = (Button) findViewById(R.id.go_fragment);
		goActivity = (Button) findViewById(R.id.go_activity);
		goFragment.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
			
			@Override
			public void onClick(View v) {
				FragmentManager fm = getFragmentManager();
				FragmentTransaction ft = fm.beginTransaction();
				ft.replace(R.id.container, new FragmentB());
				ft.commit();
			}
		});
		
		goActivity.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
			
			@Override
			public void onClick(View v) {
				startActivity(new Intent(MainActivity.this, Activity2.class));
			}
		});
	}

	@Override
	protected void onStart() {
		Log.v("test", "Activity-onStart");
		super.onStart();
		//防止重复加载fragment
		if(first) {
			first = false;
			FragmentManager fm = getFragmentManager();
			FragmentTransaction ft = fm.beginTransaction();
			ft.add(R.id.container, new FragmentA());
			ft.commit();
		}
	}
}

布局文件：

<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:gravity="center_horizontal"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    tools:context=".MainActivity" >
    
    <FrameLayout
        android:id="@+id/container"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="350dp"
        />
    <Button
        android:id="@+id/go_fragment"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="go fragment2" />
    <Button
        android:id="@+id/go_activity"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="go Activity2" />

</LinearLayout>

界面上一个frameLayout，用来装载fragment,2个按钮，一个用来替换fragment，一个用来跳转activity

FragmentA的代码：

public class FragmentA extends Fragment {

	@Override
	public void onAttach(Activity activity) {
		super.onAttach(activity);
		Log.v("test", "FragmentA:" + "onAttach");
	}

	@Override
	public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
		super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
		Log.v("test", "FragmentA:" + "onCreate");
	}

	@Override
	public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
			Bundle savedInstanceState) {
		Log.v("test", "FragmentA:" + "onCreateView");
		
		return inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment1, null);
	}

	@Override
	public void onActivityCreated(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
		super.onActivityCreated(savedInstanceState);
		Log.v("test", "FragmentA:" + "onActivityCreated");
	}

	@Override
	public void onStart() {
		super.onStart();
		Log.v("test", "FragmentA:" + "onStart");
	}

	@Override
	public void onResume() {
		super.onResume();
		Log.v("test", "FragmentA:" + "onResume");
	}

	@Override
	public void onPause() {
		super.onPause();
		Log.v("test", "FragmentA:" + "onPause");
	}

	@Override
	public void onStop() {
		super.onStop();
		Log.v("test", "FragmentA:" + "onStop");
	}

	@Override
	public void onDestroyView() {
		super.onDestroyView();
		Log.v("test", "FragmentA:" + "onDestroyView");
	}

	@Override
	public void onDestroy() {
		super.onDestroy();
		Log.v("test", "FragmentA:" + "onDestroy");
	}

	@Override
	public void onDetach() {
		super.onDetach();
		Log.v("test", "FragmentA:" + "onDetach");
	}
}

Activity和fragment的回调中都进行了日志打印。

在Acitivity的onStart方法中，调用了如下代码：

		FragmentManager fm = getFragmentManager();
		FragmentTransaction ft = fm.beginTransaction();
		ft.add(R.id.container, new FragmentA());
		ft.commit();

作用是在Acitivity启动后在界面上加载一个fragment。

启动程序，观察控制台输出:

10-27 18:20:23.423: V/test(3128): Activity-onCreate
10-27 18:20:23.423: V/test(3128): Activity-onStart
10-27 18:20:23.423: V/test(3128): FragmentA:onAttach
10-27 18:20:23.423: V/test(3128): FragmentA:onCreate
10-27 18:20:23.423: V/test(3128): FragmentA:onCreateView
10-27 18:20:23.423: V/test(3128): FragmentA:onActivityCreated
10-27 18:20:23.423: V/test(3128): FragmentA:onStart
10-27 18:20:23.423: V/test(3128): Activity-onResume
10-27 18:20:23.423: V/test(3128): FragmentA:onResume

解释：MainActivity onCreate执行后，接着执行onStart，onStart中添加了fragment到framelayout中，这时fragment的onAttach回调被调用。接着是onCreate,onCreateView,onActivityCreated依次被回调，现在点击gofragment2按钮，移除fragment1，加入fragment2，观察logcat：

10-27 18:44:23.513: V/test(3128): FragmentA:onPause
10-27 18:44:23.513: V/test(3128): FragmentA:onStop
10-27 18:44:23.513: V/test(3128): FragmentA:onDestroyView
10-27 18:44:23.513: V/test(3128): FragmentA:onDestroy
10-27 18:44:23.513: V/test(3128): FragmentA:onDetach

正是第一张图片所示的从前台到销毁的过程。

现在重启程序，试着点击第二个按钮go Activity2，观察logcat输出：

10-27 19:08:34.253: V/test(3128): FragmentA:onPause
10-27 19:08:34.253: V/test(3128): Activity-onPause
10-27 19:08:34.573: V/test(3128): FragmentA:onStop
10-27 19:08:34.573: V/test(3128): Activity-onStop

可以看到，当前Activity被覆盖后，fragment的onPause,onStop和Activity的onPause,onStop同时被调用。

这时，按物理返回键，退出第二个Activity，回到第一个Activity，观察logcat输出：

10-27 19:29:07.063: V/test(9162): Activity-onStart
10-27 19:29:07.063: V/test(9162): FragmentA:onStart
10-27 19:29:07.063: V/test(9162): Activity-onResume
10-27 19:29:07.063: V/test(9162): FragmentA:onResume

可见，在activity重新进入前台，执行onStart和onResume时，fragment也执行一样的操作

现在修改一下跳转activity的按钮的代码，让当前activity finish

		goActivity.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
			
			@Override
			public void onClick(View v) {
				startActivity(new Intent(MainActivity.this, Activity2.class));
				finish();
			}
		});

重启程序，点击跳转activity的按钮，观察输出：

10-27 19:33:54.893: V/test(9810): FragmentA:onPause
10-27 19:33:54.893: V/test(9810): Activity-onPause
10-27 19:33:55.213: V/test(9810): FragmentA:onStop
10-27 19:33:55.213: V/test(9810): Activity-onStop
10-27 19:33:55.213: V/test(9810): FragmentA:onDestroyView
10-27 19:33:55.213: V/test(9810): FragmentA:onDestroy
10-27 19:33:55.213: V/test(9810): FragmentA:onDetach
10-27 19:33:55.213: V/test(9810): Activity-onDestroy