python + requests实现的接口自动化框架

本文转自:https://www.cnblogs.com/wangxiaoqun/p/6924797.html

源码:https://pan.baidu.com/s/1jHYDPdk

1、首先,我们先来理一下思路。

正常的接口测试流程是什么?

脑海里的反应是不是这样的:

确定测试接口的工具 —> 配置需要的接口参数 —> 进行测试 —> 检查测试结果(有的需要数据库辅助) —> 生成测试报告(html报告)

那么,我们就根据这样的过程来一步步搭建我们的框架。在这个过程中,我们需要做到业务和数据的分离,这样才能灵活,达到我们写框架的目的。只要好好做,一定可以成功。这也是我当初对自己说的。

接下来,我们来进行结构的划分。

我的结构是这样的,大家可以参考下:

common:存放一些共通的方法

result:执行过程中生成的文件夹,里面存放每次测试的结果

testCase:用于存放具体的测试case

estFile:存放测试过程中用到的文件,包括上传的文件,测试用例以及     数据库的sql语句

caselist:txt文件,配置每次执行的case名称

config:配置一些常量,例如数据库的相关信息,接口的相关信息等

readConfig: 用于读取config配置文件中的内容

runAll:用于执行case

既然整体结构有了划分,接下来就该一步步的填充整个框架了,首先,我们先来看看config.ini和readConfig.py两个文件,从他们入手,个人觉得比较容易走下去哒。

我们来看下文件的内容是什么样子的:

[DATABASE]
host = 50.23.190.57
username = xxxxxx
password = ******
port = 3306
database = databasename

[HTTP]
# 接口的url
baseurl = http://xx.xxxx.xx 
port = 8080
timeout = 1.0

[EMAIL]
mail_host = smtp.163.com
mail_user = xxx@163.com
mail_pass = *********
mail_port = 25
sender = xxx@163.com
receiver = xxxx@qq.com/xxxx@qq.com
subject = python
content = "All interface test has been complited\nplease read the report file about the detile of result in the attachment."
testuser = Someone
on_off = 1

相信大家都知道这样的配置文件,没错,所有一成不变的东西,我们都可以放到这里来。哈哈,怎么样,不错吧。

现在,我们已经做好了固定的“仓库”。来保存我们平时不动的东西,那么,我们要怎么把它拿出来为我所用呢?这时候,readConfig.py文件出世了,它成功的帮我们解决了这个问题,下面就让我们来一睹它的庐山真面目吧。

import os
import codecs
import configparser

proDir = os.path.split(os.path.realpath(__file__))[0]
configPath = os.path.join(proDir, "config.ini")

class ReadConfig:
    def __init__(self):
        fd = open(configPath)
        data = fd.read()

        #  remove BOM
        if data[:3] == codecs.BOM_UTF8:
            data = data[3:]
            file = codecs.open(configPath, "w")
            file.write(data)
            file.close()
        fd.close()

        self.cf = configparser.ConfigParser()
        self.cf.read(configPath)

    def get_email(self, name):
        value = self.cf.get("EMAIL", name)
        return value

    def get_http(self, name):
        value = self.cf.get("HTTP", name)
        return value

    def get_db(self, name):
        value = self.cf.get("DATABASE", name)
        return value

话不多说,我们先来看下common到底有哪些东西。

既然配置文件和读取配置文件我们都已经完成了,也看到了common里的内容,接下来就可以写common里的共通方法了,从哪个下手呢?今天,我们就来翻“Log.py”的牌吧,因为它是比较独立的,我们单独跟他打交道,也为了以后它能为我们服务打下良好基础。

这里呢,我想跟大家多说两句,对于这个log文件呢,我给它单独启用了一个线程,这样在整个运行过程中,我们在写log的时候也会比较方便,看名字大家也知道了,这里就是我们对输出的日志的所有操作了,主要是对输出格式的规定,输出等级的定义以及其他一些输出的定义等等。总之,你想对log做的任何事情,都可以放到这里来。我们来看下代码,没有比这个更直接有效的了。

import logging
from datetime import datetime
import threading

首先,我们要像上面那样,引入需要的模块,才能进行接下来的操作。

class Log:
    def __init__(self):
        global logPath, resultPath, proDir
        proDir = readConfig.proDir
        resultPath = os.path.join(proDir, "result")
        # create result file if it doesn't exist
        if not os.path.exists(resultPath):
            os.mkdir(resultPath)
        # defined test result file name by localtime
        logPath = os.path.join(resultPath, str(datetime.now().strftime("%Y%m%d%H%M%S")))
        # create test result file if it doesn't exist
        if not os.path.exists(logPath):
            os.mkdir(logPath)
        # defined logger
        self.logger = logging.getLogger()
        # defined log level
        self.logger.setLevel(logging.INFO)

        # defined handler
        handler = logging.FileHandler(os.path.join(logPath, "output.log"))
        # defined formatter
        formatter = logging.Formatter('%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s')
        # defined formatter
        handler.setFormatter(formatter)
        # add handler
        self.logger.addHandler(handler)

现在,我们创建了上面的Log类,在__init__初始化方法中,我们进行了log的相关初始化操作。

class MyLog:
    log = None
    mutex = threading.Lock()

    def __init__(self):
        pass

    @staticmethod
    def get_log():

        if MyLog.log is None:
            MyLog.mutex.acquire()
            MyLog.log = Log()
            MyLog.mutex.release()

        return MyLog.log

我们继续搭建,这次要做的,是configHttp.py的内容,下面是接口文件中主要部分的内容,让我们一起来看看吧。

import requests
import readConfig as readConfig
from common.Log import MyLog as Log

localReadConfig = readConfig.ReadConfig()

class ConfigHttp:
    def __init__(self):
        global host, port, timeout
        host = localReadConfig.get_http("baseurl")
        port = localReadConfig.get_http("port")
        timeout = localReadConfig.get_http("timeout")
        self.log = Log.get_log()
        self.logger = self.log.get_logger()
        self.headers = {}
        self.params = {}
        self.data = {}
        self.url = None
        self.files = {}

    def set_url(self, url):
        self.url = host + url

    def set_headers(self, header):
        self.headers = header

    def set_params(self, param):
        self.params = param

    def set_data(self, data):
        self.data = data

    def set_files(self, file):
        self.files = file

    # defined http get method
    def get(self):
        try:
            response = requests.get(self.url, params=self.params, headers=self.headers, timeout=float(timeout))
            # response.raise_for_status()
            return response
        except TimeoutError:
            self.logger.error("Time out!")
            return None

    # defined http post method
    def post(self):
        try:
            response = requests.post(self.url, headers=self.headers, data=self.data, files=self.files, timeout=float(timeout))
            # response.raise_for_status()
            return response
        except TimeoutError:
            self.logger.error("Time out!")
            return None

 

  • get方法

        接口测试中见到最多的就是get方法和post方法,其中,get方法用于获取接口的测试,说白了,就是说,使用get的接口,都不会对后台数据进行更改,而且get方法在传递参数后,url的格式是这样的:http://接口地址?key1=value1&key2=value2

对于requests提供的get方法,有几个常用的参数:

url:显而易见,就是接口的地址url啦

headers:定制请求头(headers),例如:content-type = application/x-www-form-urlencoded

params:用于传递测试接口所要用的参数,这里我们用python中的字典形式(key:value)进行参数的传递。

timeout:设置接口连接的最大时间(超过该时间会抛出超时错误)

url=‘http://api.shein.com/v2/member/logout’
header={‘content-type’: application/x-www-form-urlencoded}
param={‘user_id’: 123456,‘email’: 123456@163.com}
timeout=0.5
requests.get(url, headers=header, params=param, timeout=timeout)
  • post方法

        与get方法类似,只要设置好对应的参数,就可以了。下面就直接举个栗子,直接上代码吧:

url=‘http://api.shein.com/v2/member/login’
header={‘content-type’: application/x-www-form-urlencoded}
data={‘email’: 123456@163.com,‘password’: 123456}
timeout=0.5
requests.post(url, headers=header, data=data, timeout=timeout)

怎么样,是不是也很简单啊。这里我们需要说明一下,post方法中的参数,我们不在使用params进行传递,而是改用data进行传递了。

依然只说常用的返回值的操作。

text:获取接口返回值的文本格式

json():获取接口返回值的json()格式

status_code:返回状态码(成功为:200)

headers:返回完整的请求头信息(headers['name']:返回指定的headers内容)

encoding:返回字符编码格式

url:返回接口的完整url地址

以上这些,就是常用的方法啦,大家可自行取之。

关于失败请求抛出异常,我们可以使用“raise_for_status()”来完成,那么,当我们的请求发生错误时,就会抛出异常。在这里提醒下各位朋友,如果你的接口,在地址不正确的时候,会有相应的错误提示(有时也需要进行测试),这时,千万不能使用这个方法来抛出错误,因为python自己在链接接口时就已经把错误抛出,那么,后面你将无法测试期望的内容。而且程序会直接在这里当掉,以错误来计。

common.py里的内容。

import os
from xlrd import open_workbook
from xml.etree import ElementTree as ElementTree
from common.Log import MyLog as Log

localConfigHttp = configHttp.ConfigHttp()
log = Log.get_log()
logger = log.get_logger()

# 从excel文件中读取测试用例
def get_xls(xls_name, sheet_name):
    cls = []
    # get xls file's path
    xlsPath = os.path.join(proDir, "testFile", xls_name)
    # open xls file
    file = open_workbook(xlsPath)
    # get sheet by name
    sheet = file.sheet_by_name(sheet_name)
    # get one sheet's rows
    nrows = sheet.nrows
    for i in range(nrows):
        if sheet.row_values(i)[0] != u'case_name':
            cls.append(sheet.row_values(i))
    return cls

# 从xml文件中读取sql语句
database = {}
def set_xml():
    if len(database) == 0:
        sql_path = os.path.join(proDir, "testFile", "SQL.xml")
        tree = ElementTree.parse(sql_path)
        for db in tree.findall("database"):
            db_name = db.get("name")
            # print(db_name)
            table = {}
            for tb in db.getchildren():
                table_name = tb.get("name")
                # print(table_name)
                sql = {}
                for data in tb.getchildren():
                    sql_id = data.get("id")
                    # print(sql_id)
                    sql[sql_id] = data.text
                table[table_name] = sql
            database[db_name] = table

def get_xml_dict(database_name, table_name):
    set_xml()
    database_dict = database.get(database_name).get(table_name)
    return database_dict

def get_sql(database_name, table_name, sql_id):
    db = get_xml_dict(database_name, table_name)
    sql = db.get(sql_id)
    return sql

 common的两大主要内容:

  1. 我们利用xml.etree.Element来对xml文件进行操作,然后通过我们自定义的方法,根据传递不同的参数取得不(想)同(要)的值。
  2. 利用xlrd来操作excel文件,注意啦,我们是用excel文件来管理测试用例的 

excel文件:

 xml文件: 

参见这两篇文章学习下:

excel:https://my.oschina.net/u/3041656/blog/819892 

xml:https://my.oschina.net/u/3041656/blog/819895 

数据库和发送邮件(也可根据需要,不写该部分内容):

import pymysql
import readConfig as readConfig
from common.Log import MyLog as Log

localReadConfig = readConfig.ReadConfig()

class MyDB:
    global host, username, password, port, database, config
    host = localReadConfig.get_db("host")
    username = localReadConfig.get_db("username")
    password = localReadConfig.get_db("password")
    port = localReadConfig.get_db("port")
    database = localReadConfig.get_db("database")
    config = {
        'host': str(host),
        'user': username,
        'passwd': password,
        'port': int(port),
        'db': database
    }

    def __init__(self):
        self.log = Log.get_log()
        self.logger = self.log.get_logger()
        self.db = None
        self.cursor = None

    def connectDB(self):
        try:
            # connect to DB
            self.db = pymysql.connect(**config)
            # create cursor
            self.cursor = self.db.cursor()
            print("Connect DB successfully!")
        except ConnectionError as ex:
            self.logger.error(str(ex))

    def executeSQL(self, sql, params):
        self.connectDB()
        # executing sql
        self.cursor.execute(sql, params)
        # executing by committing to DB
        self.db.commit()
        return self.cursor

    def get_all(self, cursor):
        value = cursor.fetchall()
        return value

    def get_one(self, cursor):
        value = cursor.fetchone()
        return value

    def closeDB(self):
        self.db.close()
        print("Database closed!")

 可以查看这个链接进行学习:http://www.runoob.com/python/python-mysql.html

邮件代码:

import smtplib
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from datetime import datetime
import threading
import readConfig as readConfig
from common.Log import MyLog
import zipfile
import glob

localReadConfig = readConfig.ReadConfig()

class Email:
    def __init__(self):
        global host, user, password, port, sender, title, content
        host = localReadConfig.get_email("mail_host")
        user = localReadConfig.get_email("mail_user")
        password = localReadConfig.get_email("mail_pass")
        port = localReadConfig.get_email("mail_port")
        sender = localReadConfig.get_email("sender")
        title = localReadConfig.get_email("subject")
        content = localReadConfig.get_email("content")
        self.value = localReadConfig.get_email("receiver")
        self.receiver = []
        # get receiver list
        for n in str(self.value).split("/"):
            self.receiver.append(n)
        # defined email subject
        date = datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
        self.subject = title + " " + date
        self.log = MyLog.get_log()
        self.logger = self.log.get_logger()
        self.msg = MIMEMultipart('mixed')

    def config_header(self):
        self.msg['subject'] = self.subject
        self.msg['from'] = sender
        self.msg['to'] = ";".join(self.receiver)

    def config_content(self):
        content_plain = MIMEText(content, 'plain', 'utf-8')
        self.msg.attach(content_plain)

    def config_file(self):
        # if the file content is not null, then config the email file
        if self.check_file():

            reportpath = self.log.get_result_path()
            zippath = os.path.join(readConfig.proDir, "result", "test.zip")
            # zip file
            files = glob.glob(reportpath + '\*')
            f = zipfile.ZipFile(zippath, 'w', zipfile.ZIP_DEFLATED)
            for file in files:
                f.write(file)
            f.close()

            reportfile = open(zippath, 'rb').read()
            filehtml = MIMEText(reportfile, 'base64', 'utf-8')
            filehtml['Content-Type'] = 'application/octet-stream'
            filehtml['Content-Disposition'] = 'attachment; filename="test.zip"'
            self.msg.attach(filehtml)

    def check_file(self):
        reportpath = self.log.get_report_path()
        if os.path.isfile(reportpath) and not os.stat(reportpath) == 0:
            return True
        else:
            return False

    def send_email(self):
        self.config_header()
        self.config_content()
        self.config_file()
        try:
            smtp = smtplib.SMTP()
            smtp.connect(host)
            smtp.login(user, password)
            smtp.sendmail(sender, self.receiver, self.msg.as_string())
            smtp.quit()
            self.logger.info("The test report has send to developer by email.")
        except Exception as ex:
            self.logger.error(str(ex))

class MyEmail:
    email = None
    mutex = threading.Lock()

    def __init__(self):
        pass

    @staticmethod
    def get_email():

        if MyEmail.email is None:
            MyEmail.mutex.acquire()
            MyEmail.email = Email()
            MyEmail.mutex.release()
        return MyEmail.email


if __name__ == "__main__":
    email = MyEmail.get_email()

 入口代码:

import unittest
import HTMLTestRunner

    def set_case_list(self):
        fb = open(self.caseListFile)
        for value in fb.readlines():
            data = str(value)
            if data != '' and not data.startswith("#"):
                self.caseList.append(data.replace("\n", ""))
        fb.close()

    def set_case_suite(self):
        self.set_case_list()
        test_suite = unittest.TestSuite()
        suite_model = []

        for case in self.caseList:
            case_file = os.path.join(readConfig.proDir, "testCase")
            print(case_file)
            case_name = case.split("/")[-1]
            print(case_name+".py")
            discover = unittest.defaultTestLoader.discover(case_file, pattern=case_name + '.py', top_level_dir=None)
            suite_model.append(discover)

        if len(suite_model) > 0:
            for suite in suite_model:
                for test_name in suite:
                    test_suite.addTest(test_name)
        else:
            return None
        return test_suite

    def run(self):
        try:
            suit = self.set_case_suite()
            if suit is not None:
                logger.info("********TEST START********")
                fp = open(resultPath, 'wb')
                runner = HTMLTestRunner.HTMLTestRunner(stream=fp, title='Test Report', description='Test Description')
                runner.run(suit)
            else:
                logger.info("Have no case to test.")
        except Exception as ex:
            logger.error(str(ex))
        finally:
            logger.info("*********TEST END*********")
            # send test report by email
            if int(on_off) == 0:
                self.email.send_email()
            elif int(on_off) == 1:
                logger.info("Doesn't send report email to developer.")
            else:
                logger.info("Unknow state.")

   

result文件夹会在首次执行case时生成,并且以后的测试结果都会被保存在该文件夹下,同时每次测试的文件夹都是用系统时间命名,里面包含了两个文件,log文件和测试报告。

testCase文件夹下,存放我们写的具体的测试case。所有的case名称都要以test开头来命名,这是因为,unittest在进行测试时会自动匹配testCase文件夹下面所有test开头的.py文件

 testFile文件夹下,放置我们测试时用来管理测试用例的excel文件和用于数据库查询的sql语句的xml文件。

最后就是caselist.txt文件了

 

 

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