ConcurrentHashMap有哪些构造函数?
一共有五个,作用及代码如下:
复制代码
//无参构造函数
public ConcurrentHashMap() {
}
//可传初始容器大小的构造函数
public ConcurrentHashMap(int initialCapacity) {
if (initialCapacity < 0)
throw new IllegalArgumentException();
int cap = ((initialCapacity >= (MAXIMUM_CAPACITY >>> 1)) ?
MAXIMUM_CAPACITY :
tableSizeFor(initialCapacity + (initialCapacity >>> 1) + 1));
this.sizeCtl = cap;
}
//可传入map的构造函数
public ConcurrentHashMap(Map<? extends K, ? extends V> m) {
this.sizeCtl = DEFAULT_CAPACITY;
putAll(m);
}
//可设置阈值和初始容量
public ConcurrentHashMap(int initialCapacity, float loadFactor) {
this(initialCapacity, loadFactor, 1);
}
//可设置初始容量和阈值和并发级别
public ConcurrentHashMap(int initialCapacity,
float loadFactor, int concurrencyLevel) {
if (!(loadFactor > 0.0f) || initialCapacity < 0 || concurrencyLevel <= 0)
throw new IllegalArgumentException();
if (initialCapacity < concurrencyLevel) // Use at least as many bins
initialCapacity = concurrencyLevel; // as estimated threads
long size = (long)(1.0 + (long)initialCapacity / loadFactor);
int cap = (size >= (long)MAXIMUM_CAPACITY) ?
MAXIMUM_CAPACITY : tableSizeFor((int)size);
this.sizeCtl = cap;
}
2、ConcurrentHashMap使用什么技术来保证线程安全?
jdk1.7:Segment+HashEntry来进行实现的;
jdk1.8:放弃了Segment臃肿的设计,采用Node+CAS+Synchronized来保证线程安全;
3、ConcurrentHashMap的get方法是否要加锁,为什么?
不需要,get方法采用了unsafe方法,来保证线程安全。
4、ConcurrentHashMap迭代器是强一致性还是弱一致性?HashMap呢?
弱一致性,hashmap强一直性。
ConcurrentHashMap可以支持在迭代过程中,向map添加新元素,而HashMap则抛出了ConcurrentModificationException,
因为HashMap包含一个修改计数器,当你调用他的next()方法来获取下一个元素时,迭代器将会用到这个计数器。
5、ConcurrentHashMap1.7和1.8的区别:
jdk1.8的实现降低锁的粒度,jdk1.7锁的粒度是基于Segment的,包含多个HashEntry,而jdk1.8锁的粒度就是Node
数据结构:jdk1.7 Segment+HashEntry;jdk1.8 数组+链表+红黑树+CAS+synchronized