Rotate String
Given a string and an offset, rotate string by offset. (rotate from left to right)
Given "abcdefg"
.
offset=0 => "abcdefg"
offset=1 => "gabcdef"
offset=2 => "fgabcde"
offset=3 => "efgabcd"
Rotate in-place with O(1) extra memory.
例如:char[] str=[a,b,c,d,e,f,g],offset=3
Output: [e,f,g,a,b,c,d]
三步翻转法:
1. [g,f,e,d,c,b,a],整个大翻转
2. [e,f,g,d,c,b,a], e,f,g翻转
3. [e,f,g,a,b,c,d], a,b,c,d翻转
注意:先整个大翻转的必要性,一般来说,由于往前放的位数少,因此先进行整个大翻转会省时
当然也可以先局部翻转,再整个大翻转
要看具体题目要求,是要在原来有序的数组上后面几个元素翻转到前面,还是已经翻转好的要恢复有序数组
也就是说,是要[a,b,c,d,e,f,g]->[e,f,g,a,b,c,d],还是[e,f,g,a,b,c,d]恢复成[a,b,c,d,e,f,g]
public class Solution {
/**
* @param str: an array of char
* @param offset: an integer
* @return: nothing
*/
public void rotateString(char[] str, int offset) {
if(offset==0){
return;
}
if(str==null || str.length==0){
return;
}
int n=str.length;
offset=offset%n;
reverse(str,0,n-1);
reverse(str,0,offset-1);
reverse(str,offset,n-1);
}
private void reverse(char[] str,int start,int end){
while(start<end){
char temp=str[start]; //char temp
str[start]=str[end];
str[end]=temp;
start++;
end--;
}
}
}
Rotate List
Given a list, rotate the list to the right by k
places, where k is non-negative.
Example
Given 1->2->3->4->5
and k = 2
, return 4->5->1->2->3
.
思路:先遍历一遍整个链表得到整个链表的长度n,然后把链表的最后一个节点和链表的头节点相连,
再向后走n-k%n个断开链表,使得断开的链表的头成为newhead
注意:k长度大于链表长度,甚至k长度远大于链表长度,要k%n
/**
* Definition for singly-linked list.
* public class ListNode {
* int val;
* ListNode next;
* ListNode(int x) { val = x; }
* }
*/
public class Solution {
public ListNode rotateRight(ListNode head, int k) {
if(head==null){
return null;
}
if(k==0){
return head;
}
ListNode cur=head;
int n=1;
while(cur.next!=null){
n++;
cur=cur.next;
}
cur.next=head;
int index=n-k%n;
for(int i=0;i<index;i++){
cur=cur.next;
}
ListNode newhead=cur.next;
cur.next=null;
return newhead;
}
}
Rotate Image
You are given an n x n 2D matrix representing an image.
Rotate the image by 90
degrees (clockwise).
Given a matrix
[
[1,2],
[3,4]
]
rotate it by 90 degrees (clockwise), return
[
[3,1],
[4,2]
]
Do it in-place.
思路:顺时针90==两次翻转,同理可以推逆时针90
1 2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9
1 4
7
swap(matrix[i][j],matrix[j][i])
2 5 8
3
6 9
7
4
1
swap(matrix[i][j],matrix[i][matrix[0].length-1-j])
8 5 2 9 6 3
注意:do it in-place
public class Solution {
/**
* @param matrix: A list of lists of integers
* @return: Void
*/
public void rotate(int[][] matrix) {
for(int i = 0; i<matrix.length; i++){
for(int j = i; j<matrix[0].length; j++){
int temp = matrix[i][j];
matrix[i][j] = matrix[j][i];
matrix[j][i] = temp;
}
}
for(int i =0 ; i<matrix.length; i++){
for(int j = 0; j<matrix[0].length/2; j++){
int temp = matrix[i][j];
matrix[i][j] = matrix[i][matrix[0].length-1-j];
matrix[i][matrix[0].length-1-j] = temp;
}
}
}
}