XML文件格式实例(一):
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!-- This is list of customers -->
<collection shelf="New Arrivals">
<movie title="Enemy Behind">
<type>War, Thriller</type>
<format>DVD</format>
<year>2003</year>
<rating>PG</rating>
<stars>10</stars>
<description>Talk about a US-Japan war</description>
</movie>
<movie title="Transformers">
<type>Anime, Science Fiction</type>
<format>DVD</format>
<year>1989</year>
<rating>R</rating>
<stars>8</stars>
<description>A schientific fiction</description>
</movie>
<movie title="Trigun">
<type>Anime, Action</type>
<format>DVD</format>
<episodes>4</episodes>
<rating>PG</rating>
<stars>10</stars>
<description>Vash the Stampede!</description>
</movie>
<movie title="Ishtar">
<type>Comedy</type>
<format>VHS</format>
<rating>PG</rating>
<stars>2</stars>
<description>Viewable boredom</description>
</movie>
</collection>
- 目的: (1)读取该xml文件中的数据 (2)添加新数据至该xml文件中 (3)xml文档格式整理,方便查看(换行)
首先导入需要使用的库:
from xml.dom.minidom import parse
import xml.dom.minidom
import time
from xml.etree import ElementTree
(1)读取/修改该xml文件:
def read_xml(path_name): #传递xml文件路径
# 使用minidom解析器打开 XML 文档
DOMTree = xml.dom.minidom.parse(path_name)
collection = DOMTree.documentElement #获取文档根元素
if collection.hasAttribute("shelf"): #获取根元素中shelf的名称
print("Root element : %s" % collection.getAttribute("shelf"))
# 获取所有关于movie节点下的标签内容
movies = collection.getElementsByTagName("movie")
# 打印每部电影的详细信息i
i = 1
for movie in movies: #循环movies所有节点,并读取对应标签中的内容数据
print("*****Movie*** %s **部" % i)
if movie.hasAttribute("title"):
# 获取title节点的名称
print("Title: %s" % movie.getAttribute("title"))
try:
#获取标签中对应标签名称的内容
type = movie.getElementsByTagName('type')[0]
print("Type: %s" % type.childNodes[0].data)
format = movie.getElementsByTagName('format')[0]
print ("Format: %s" % format.childNodes[0].data)
#修改标签中的内容格式如下:即重新赋值即可,后续标签皆如此写法
# format.childNodes[0].data = "textt"
rating = movie.getElementsByTagName('rating')[0]
print("Rating: %s" % rating.childNodes[0].data)
#修改标签中的内容格式如下:即重新赋值即可,后续标签皆如此写法
# rating.childNodes[0].data = "textt"
stars = movie.getElementsByTagName("stars")[0]
print("stars: %s" % stars.childNodes[0].data)
description = movie.getElementsByTagName('description')[0]
print("Description: %s" % description.childNodes[0].data)
i += 1
except:
pass
(2)添加新数据至该xml文件中:
#XML文档中添加数据
def write_xml():
path = "./一/example_2.xml"
domTree = parse(path)
# 文档根元素
rootNode = domTree.documentElement
# 新建一个customer节点
customer_node = domTree.createElement("movie")
customer_node.setAttribute("title", "fuchouzhe")
# 创建name节点,并设置textValue
name_node = domTree.createElement("type")
print(name_node)
name_text_value = domTree.createTextNode("kavin")
name_node.appendChild(name_text_value) # 把文本节点挂到name_node节点
customer_node.appendChild(name_node)
# 创建phone节点,并设置textValue
phone_node = domTree.createElement("format")
phone_text_value = domTree.createTextNode("32467")
phone_node.appendChild(phone_text_value) # 把文本节点挂到name_node节点
customer_node.appendChild(phone_node)
# 创建comments节点,这里是CDATA
comments_node = domTree.createElement("stars")
cdata_text_value = domTree.createTextNode("ssssss")
comments_node.appendChild(cdata_text_value)
customer_node.appendChild(comments_node)
rootNode.appendChild(customer_node)
with open(path, 'w+') as f:
# 缩进 - 换行 - 编码
'''
file:要保存为的文件对象名
indent:根节点的缩进方式
allindent:子节点的缩进方式
newl:针对新行,指明换行方式
encoding:保存文件的编码方式
'''
domTree.writexml(f,indent="",addindent="",newl='',encoding='utf-8')
'''整理xml文档的格式,否则xml添加数据,显示的是一行数据,不方便查看'''
tree = ElementTree.parse(path) # 解析test.xml这个文件
root = tree.getroot() # 得到根元素,Element类
xiugai_xml(root, '\t', '\n') # 执行美化方法
tree.write("test.xml", encoding = 'utf-8') # 保存文件
(3)xml文档格式整理,方便查看(换行):
'''xml文档格式整理'''
def xiugai_xml(element, indent, newline, level = 0):
# 判断element是否有子元素
if element:
# 如果element的text没有内容
if element.text == None or element.text.isspace():
element.text = newline + indent * (level + 1)
else:
element.text = newline + indent * (level + 1) + element.text.strip() + newline + indent * (level + 1)
temp = list(element) # 将elemnt转成list
for subelement in temp:
if temp.index(subelement) < (len(temp) - 1):
subelement.tail = newline + indent * (level + 1)
else:
subelement.tail = newline + indent * level
prettyXml(subelement, indent, newline, level = level + 1)
完整代码如下:(xml文件路径,需根据个人路径更改)
#_*_ coding:utf-8 _*_
'''
XML是可扩展标记语言(Extensible Markup Language)的缩写,其中标记是关键部分。
用户可以创建内容,然后使用限定标记标记它,从而使每个单词、短语或块成为可识别、可分类的信息。
'''
#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
from xml.dom.minidom import parse
import xml.dom.minidom
import time
from xml.etree import ElementTree
def read_xml(path_name): #传递文件路径
# 使用minidom解析器打开 XML 文档
DOMTree = xml.dom.minidom.parse(path_name)
collection = DOMTree.documentElement #获取文档根元素
if collection.hasAttribute("shelf"): #获取根元素中shelf的名称
print("Root element : %s" % collection.getAttribute("shelf"))
# 获取所有关于movie节点下的标签内容
movies = collection.getElementsByTagName("movie")
# 打印每部电影的详细信息i
i = 1
for movie in movies: #循环movies所有节点,并读取对应标签中的内容数据
print("*****Movie*** %s **部" % i)
if movie.hasAttribute("title"):
# 获取title节点的名称
print("Title: %s" % movie.getAttribute("title"))
try:
#获取标签中对应标签名称的内容
type = movie.getElementsByTagName('type')[0]
print("Type: %s" % type.childNodes[0].data)
format = movie.getElementsByTagName('format')[0]
print ("Format: %s" % format.childNodes[0].data)
#修改标签中的内容格式如下:即重新赋值即可,后续标签皆如此写法
# format.childNodes[0].data = "textt"
rating = movie.getElementsByTagName('rating')[0]
print("Rating: %s" % rating.childNodes[0].data)
#修改标签中的内容格式如下:即重新赋值即可,后续标签皆如此写法
# rating.childNodes[0].data = "textt"
stars = movie.getElementsByTagName("stars")[0]
print("stars: %s" % stars.childNodes[0].data)
description = movie.getElementsByTagName('description')[0]
print("Description: %s" % description.childNodes[0].data)
i += 1
except:
pass
#XML文档中添加数据
def write_xml():
path = "./一/example_2.xml"
domTree = parse(path)
# 文档根元素
rootNode = domTree.documentElement
# 新建一个customer节点
customer_node = domTree.createElement("movie")
customer_node.setAttribute("title", "fuchouzhe")
# 创建name节点,并设置textValue
name_node = domTree.createElement("type")
print(name_node)
name_text_value = domTree.createTextNode("kavin")
name_node.appendChild(name_text_value) # 把文本节点挂到name_node节点
customer_node.appendChild(name_node)
# 创建phone节点,并设置textValue
phone_node = domTree.createElement("format")
phone_text_value = domTree.createTextNode("32467")
phone_node.appendChild(phone_text_value) # 把文本节点挂到name_node节点
customer_node.appendChild(phone_node)
# 创建comments节点,这里是CDATA
comments_node = domTree.createElement("stars")
cdata_text_value = domTree.createTextNode("ssssss")
comments_node.appendChild(cdata_text_value)
customer_node.appendChild(comments_node)
rootNode.appendChild(customer_node)
with open(path, 'w+') as f:
# 缩进 - 换行 - 编码
'''
file:要保存为的文件对象名
indent:根节点的缩进方式
allindent:子节点的缩进方式
newl:针对新行,指明换行方式
encoding:保存文件的编码方式
'''
domTree.writexml(f,indent="",addindent="",newl='',encoding='utf-8')
'''整理xml文档的格式,否则xml添加数据,显示的是一行数据,不方便查看'''
tree = ElementTree.parse(path) # 解析test.xml这个文件
root = tree.getroot() # 得到根元素,Element类
xiugai_xml(root, '\t', '\n') # 执行美化方法
tree.write("test.xml", encoding = 'utf-8') # 保存文件
'''xml文档格式整理'''
def xiugai_xml(element, indent, newline, level = 0):
# 判断element是否有子元素
if element:
# 如果element的text没有内容
if element.text == None or element.text.isspace():
element.text = newline + indent * (level + 1)
else:
element.text = newline + indent * (level + 1) + element.text.strip() + newline + indent * (level + 1)
temp = list(element) # 将elemnt转成list
for subelement in temp:
if temp.index(subelement) < (len(temp) - 1):
subelement.tail = newline + indent * (level + 1)
else:
subelement.tail = newline + indent * level
xiugai_xml(subelement, indent, newline, level = level + 1)
if __name__ == "__main__":
path_name = "./一/example_1.xml"
while True:
change = input("选择执行的方法 read or write or break:")
if change == "read" or change == "1":
read_xml(path_name)
elif change == "write" or change == "2":
write_xml()
elif change == "break" or change == "3":
break
time.sleep(2)
break