Kubernetes安装部署流程

Kubernetes 介绍

Kubernetes是当今最流行的开源容器管理平台，它就是大名鼎鼎的Google Borg的开源版本。Google在2014年推出了Kubernetes。

Kubernetes源于希腊语，意为舵手，K8S是一个简称，因为首尾字母中间正好有8个字母。基于容器技术，Kubernetes可以方便的进行集群应用的部署、扩容、缩容、自愈机制、服务发现、负载均衡、日志、监控等功能，大大减少日常运维的工作量。

Kubernetes所有的操作都可以通过Kubernetes API来进行，通过API来操作Kubernetes中的对象，包括Pod、Service、Volume、Namespace等等。

Kubernetes 设计架构

安装前准备

1. 一台或多台机器，操作系统CentOS7.x86_x64
2. 硬件配置：2GB或更多RAM，2个CPU或更多CPU，硬盘30GB或更多
3. 集群中所有机器之间网络互通
4. 可以访问外网，需要拉取镜像
5. 禁止swap分区

1.准备环境

  分别在master、node1、node2（执行）

关闭防火墙
$ systemctl stop firewalld
$ systemctl disable firewalld

关闭swap
$ swapoff -a $ 临时
$ vim /etc/fstab $ 永久

添加主机名与IP对应关系
192.168.31.140 k8s-master 
192.168.31.141 k8s-node1
192.168.31.142 k8s-node2

将桥连的IPv4流量传递到iptables的链中：
$ cat > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf << EOF
net.bridge.bridge.-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge.-nf-call-iptables = 1
EOF

2.安装Docker

 分别在master、node1、node2（安装docker）

$ wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo -O /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo
$ yum -y install docker-ce-18.06.1.ce-3.el7
$ systemctl enable docker && systemctl start docker
$ docker --version

3.添加阿里云YUM软件源

分别在master、node1、node2（执行）

$ cat > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo << EOF
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
repo_gpgcheck=0
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg
       https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
EOF

4.安装kubeadm、kubelet、kubectl

 分别在master、node1、node2（执行）

$ yum -y install kubelet-1.15.0 kubeadm-1.15.0 kubectl-1.15.0
$ systemctl enable kubelet.service

部署kubernetes Master

1.在192.168.31.140（Master）执行，由于默认拉取的镜像文件地址是国内无法下载的，因此指定阿里云镜像地址。

$ kubeadm init \
--apiserver-advertise-address=192.168.31.140 \
--image-repository registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers \
--kubernetes-version v1.15.0 \
--service-cidr=10.1.0.0/16 \
--pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16

$ mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
$ sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
$ sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

2.下载kube-flannel.yml官方文件，现在国内下载不了该站点的文件，可以通过修改hosts文件的方法解决，找到真实IP地址并添加到hosts文件的最后一行。

$ 199.232.68.133 raw.githubusercontent.com >> /etc/hosts
$ kubectl apply -f
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/a70459be0084506e4ec919aa1c114638878db11b/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml

3.分别在master、node1、node2上拉取镜像flannel:v0.11.0-amd64

$ docker pull lizhenliang/flannel:v0.11.0-amd64

有时候会网速慢下载不下来，但别的机器有镜像时，可以在一台机器中复制镜像到别的机器上。

查看所有镜像文件
$ docker images

压缩镜像
$ docker save -o v0.11.0-flannel.tar quay.io/coreos/flannel

在另一台机器上解压镜像
docker load < v0.11.0-flannel.tar

安装flannel
$ kubectl apply -f kube-flannel.yml

4.安装节点到master上,复制初始化中打印的命令并分别在node1和node2上执行

$ kubeadm join 192.168.31.140:6443 --token 78yk4x.yk07bitlne6z08uh --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:f3d660ab28b0278eb3679b7fb63fedd673d37a6e43a060b18080fc80c7a0ab22

5.当镜像拉取成功后会有如图所示的提示信息

6.执行命令可看到节点信息已准备就绪

$ kubectl get nodes

部署kubernetes-dashboard

1.下载UI镜像

$ docker pull  lizhenliang/kubernetes-dashboard-amd64:v1.10.1

2.修改kubernetes-dashboard.yaml配置

# Copyright 2017 The Kubernetes Authors.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.

# Configuration to deploy release version of the Dashboard UI compatible with
# Kubernetes 1.8.
#
# Example usage: kubectl create -f <this_file>

# ------------------- Dashboard Secret ------------------- #

apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
  namespace: kube-system
type: Opaque

---
# ------------------- Dashboard Service Account ------------------- #

apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kube-system

---
# ------------------- Dashboard Role & Role Binding ------------------- #

kind: Role
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-minimal
  namespace: kube-system
rules:
  # Allow Dashboard to create 'kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder' secret.
- apiGroups: [""]
  resources: ["secrets"]
  verbs: ["create"]
  # Allow Dashboard to create 'kubernetes-dashboard-settings' config map.
- apiGroups: [""]
  resources: ["configmaps"]
  verbs: ["create"]
  # Allow Dashboard to get, update and delete Dashboard exclusive secrets.
- apiGroups: [""]
  resources: ["secrets"]
  resourceNames: ["kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder", "kubernetes-dashboard-certs"]
  verbs: ["get", "update", "delete"]
  # Allow Dashboard to get and update 'kubernetes-dashboard-settings' config map.
- apiGroups: [""]
  resources: ["configmaps"]
  resourceNames: ["kubernetes-dashboard-settings"]
  verbs: ["get", "update"]
  # Allow Dashboard to get metrics from heapster.
- apiGroups: [""]
  resources: ["services"]
  resourceNames: ["heapster"]
  verbs: ["proxy"]
- apiGroups: [""]
  resources: ["services/proxy"]
  resourceNames: ["heapster", "http:heapster:", "https:heapster:"]
  verbs: ["get"]

---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: RoleBinding
metadata:
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-minimal
  namespace: kube-system
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: Role
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-minimal
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kube-system

---
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
metadata:
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
subjects:
  - kind: ServiceAccount
    name: kubernetes-dashboard
    namespace: kube-system
roleRef:
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: cluster-admin
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
---
# ------------------- Dashboard Deployment ------------------- #

kind: Deployment
apiVersion: apps/v1beta2
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kube-system
spec:
  replicas: 1
  revisionHistoryLimit: 10
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
    spec:
      serviceAccountName: kubernetes-dashboard-admin
      containers:
      - name: kubernetes-dashboard
        image: lizhenliang/kubernetes-dashboard-amd64:v1.10.1
        ports:
        - containerPort: 9090
          protocol: TCP
        args:
          #- --auto-generate-certificates
          # Uncomment the following line to manually specify Kubernetes API server Host
          # If not specified, Dashboard will attempt to auto discover the API server and connect
          # to it. Uncomment only if the default does not work.
          #- --apiserver-host=http://10.0.1.168:8080
        volumeMounts:
        - name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
          mountPath: /certs
          # Create on-disk volume to store exec logs
        - mountPath: /tmp
          name: tmp-volume
        livenessProbe:
          httpGet:
            scheme: HTTP
            path: /
            port: 9090
          initialDelaySeconds: 30
          timeoutSeconds: 30
      volumes:
      - name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
        secret:
          secretName: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
      - name: tmp-volume
        emptyDir: {}
      serviceAccountName: kubernetes-dashboard
      # Comment the following tolerations if Dashboard must not be deployed on master
      tolerations:
      - key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
        effect: NoSchedule

---
# ------------------- Dashboard Service ------------------- #

kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kube-system
spec:
  ports:
    - port: 9090
      targetPort: 9090
  selector:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard

# ------------------------------------------------------------
kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-external
  namespace: kube-system
spec:
  ports:
    - port: 9090
      targetPort: 9090
      nodePort: 30090
  type: NodePort
  selector:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard

3.安装配置    

$ kubectl apply -f kubernetes-dashboard.yaml

4.查看pod service列表

$ kubectl get pods,svc -n kube-system

5.输入IP:30090显示UI界面