网络编程中常用的地址结构与转换（IPV4/IPv6)

1. IPV4/IPV6套接字地址结构：

IPV4套接字地址结构：

#include <netinet/in.h>
struct in_addr {  
    unsigned long s_addr;            /* 32-bit IPV4 address, network byte ordered */
}; 
struct sockaddr_in {  
    short int sin_family;            /* Address family AF_INET */ 
    unsigned short int sin_port;     /* 16-bit TCP or UDP Port Number, network byte ordered */ 
    struct in_addr sin_addr;         /* 32-bit IPV4 address, network byte ordered */ 
    unsigned char sin_zero[8];       /* Unused */ 
};

通用的套接字结构：

#include <sys/socket.h>
struct sockaddr { 
    unsigned short sa_family;        /* address family, AF_INET/AF_ISO/AF_UNIX */
    char sa_data[14];                /* 14 bytes of protocol address */
};

IPV6套接字地址结构：

#include <netinet/in.h>
struct in6_addr { 
      uint8_t s6_addr[16];          /* 128-bit IPv6 address, network byte ordered */ 
}; 
struct sockaddr_in6 {  
      sa_family_t sin6_family;      /* AF_INET6 */ 
      in_port_t sin6_port;          /* transport layer port# */ 
      uint32_t sin6_flowinfo;       /* flow information, underfined */ 
      struct in6_addr sin6_addr;    /* IPv6 address, network byte ordered */ 
      uint32_t sin6_scope_id;       /* set of interfaces for a scope */ 
};

另一个很有用的套接字地址结构：

#include <netdb.h>
struct addrinfo{ 
      int ai_flags;                 /* AI_PASSIVE,AI_CANONNAME,AI_NUMERICHOST */ 
      int ai_family;                /* AF_INET,AF_INET6 */ 
      int ai_socktype;              /* SOCK_STREAM,SOCK_DGRAM */ 
      int ai_protocol;              /* IPPROTO_IP, IPPROTO_IPV4, IPPROTO_IPV6 */ 
      size_t ai_addrlen;            /* Length */ 
      char *ai_cannoname;         　/* Canonical name for service location */ 
      struct sockaddr *ai_addr;  　 /* struct sockaddr */ 
      struct addrinfo *ai_next;     /* pNext */ 
};

2. 地址转换函数

IPv4中，可使用inet_ntoa/inet_aton来转化字符串形式表示的IPv4地址和数字形式表示的IPv4地址，此函数不能用于ipv6地址转换。

#include<sys/socket.h>
#include<netinet/in.h>
#include<arpa/inet.h>
int inet_aton(const char *cp,struct in_addr *inp);
char *inet_ntoa(struct in_addr in);

IPv6中，使用inet_ntop/inet_pton来转化字符串形式表示的IPv6地址和数字形式表示的IPv6地址, IPv4中也可使用这两个函数。

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
int inet_pton(int af, const char *src, void *dst);
const char *inet_ntop(int af, const void *src, char *dst, socklen_t cnt);

 

参考：http://www.cnblogs.com/sunada2005/archive/2013/08/06/3240724.html