1.代码及代码讲解。
代码编写工具:VsCode
(1)socket嗅探器
首先第一个脚本是最简单的原始socket嗅探器,它只会读一个数据包,然后直接退出:
import socket
import os
#host to listen on
HOST = ''
#这里输入自己的IP地址
def main():
#create raw socket, bin to public interface
if os.name == 'nt':
socket_protocol = socket.IPPROTO_IP
else:
socket_protocol = socket.IPPROTO_ICMP
sniffer = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_RAW.socket_protocol)
sniffer.bind((HOST,0))
#include the IP header in the capture
sniffer.setsockopt(socket.IPPROTO_IP,socket.IP_HDRINCL,1)
if os.name =='nt':
sniffer.ioctl(socket.SIO_RCVALL,socket.RCVALL_ON)
#read one packet
print(sniffer.recvfrom(65565))
if os.name == 'nt':
sniffer.ioctl(socket.SIO_RCVALL,socket.RCVALL_OFF)
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
注意:这里Windows和Linux的区别是,前者允许我们嗅探任何协议的所有流入数据,而后者强制我们指定一个协议来嗅探,这里指定的是ICMP。
上面这只是一个非常简单的嗅探器,那我们将对它的功能进行进一步的拓展。
(2)ip解码器
import ipaddress
import os
import socket
import struct
import sys
#定义了一个Python结构,把数据包的前20个字节映射到IP头对象中。展示目前的通信协议和通信双方的IP地址
class IP:
def __init__(self, buff=None):
header = struct.unpack('<BHHHBBH4s4s', buff)
self.ver = header[0] >> 4
self.ihl = header[0] & 0xF
self.tos = header[1]
self.len = header[2]
self.id = header[3]
self.offset = header[4]
self.ttl = header[5]
self.protocol = header[6]
self.sum = header[7]
self.src = header[8]
self.dst = header[9]
# human readable IP addresses
#使用新打造的IP头结构,将抓包逻辑改成持续抓包和解析
self.src_address = ipaddress.ip_address(self.src)
self.dst_address = ipaddress.ip_address(self.dst)
# map protocol constants to their names
self.protocol_map = {1: "ICMP", 6: "TCP", 17: "UDP"}
try:
self.protocol = self.protocol_map[self.protocol_num]
except Exception as e:
print('%s No protocol for %s' % (e, self.protocol_num))
self.protocol = str(self.protocol_num)
def sniff(host):
# should look familiar from previous example
if os.name == 'nt':
socket_protocol = socket.IPPROTO_IP
else:
socket_protocol = socket.IPPROTO_ICMP
sniffer = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_RAW,socket_protocol)
sniffer.bind((host,0))
sniffer.setsockopt(socket.IPPROTO_IP, socket.IP_HDRINCL, 1)
if os.name == 'nt':
sniffer.ioctl(socket.SIO_RCVALL, socket.RCVALL_ON)
try:
while True:
# read a packet
#将前20字节转换成IP头对象
raw_buffere = sniffer.recvfrom(65535)[0]
# create an IP header from the first 20 bytes
ip_header = IP(raw_buffere[0:20])
# print the detected protocol and hosts
#打印抓取信息
print('Protocol: %s %s -> %s' % (ip_header.protocol, ip_header.src_address, ip_header.dst_address))
except KeyboardInterrupt:
# if we're on Windows, turn off promiscuous mode
if os.name == 'nt':
sniffer.ioctl(socket.SIO_RCVALL,socket.RCVALL_OFF)
sys.exit()
if __name__ == '__main':
if len(sys.argv) == 2:
host = sys.argv[1]
else:
host = ''
sniffer(host)
在理解这一部分的内容之前,我们首先要了解一个python库。struct库:struct库提供了一些格式字符,用来定义二进制数据的结构。这个库在解码,密码学方面经常会用到。
注:在struct库里,不存在对应于nybble格式(即4个二进制位组成的数据块,也叫作nibble)的格式字符。
self.ver = header[0] >> 4
对于IP头的第一个字节,我们只想取高位nybble(整个字节里的第一个nybble)作为ver的值。取某字节高位nybble的常规方法是将其向右位移4位,相当于在该字节的开头填4个0,把其尾部的4位挤出去。这样我们就得到了原字节的第一个nybble。
self.ihl = header[0] & 0xF
我们想把低位nybble(或者说原字节的最后4个二进制位)填进hdrlen里,取某个字节低位nybble的常规方法是将其与数字0xF(00001111)进行按位与运算。它利用了0 AND 1 = 0的特性(0代表假,1代表真)。想要AND表达式为真,表达式两边都必须为真。所以这个操作相当于删除前4个二进制位,因为任何数AND 0都得0;它保持了最后4个二进制位不变,因为任何数AND 1还是原数字。
(3)解码ICMP
import ipaddress
import os
import socket
import struct
import sys
#定义了一个Python结构,把数据包的前20个字节映射到IP头对象中。展示目前的通信协议和通信双方的IP地址
class IP:
def __init__(self, buff=None):
header = struct.unpack('<BHHHBBH4s4s', buff)
self.ver = header[0] >> 4
self.ihl = header[0] & 0xF
self.tos = header[1]
self.len = header[2]
self.id = header[3]
self.offset = header[4]
self.ttl = header[5]
self.protocol = header[6]
self.sum = header[7]
self.src = header[8]
self.dst = header[9]
# human readable IP addresses
#使用新打造的IP头结构,将抓包逻辑改成持续抓包和解析
self.src_address = ipaddress.ip_address(self.src)
self.dst_address = ipaddress.ip_address(self.dst)
# map protocol constants to their names
self.protocol_map = {1: "ICMP", 6: "TCP", 17: "UDP"}
try:
self.protocol = self.protocol_map[self.protocol_num]
except Exception as e:
print('%s No protocol for %s' % (e, self.protocol_num))
self.protocol = str(self.protocol_num)
class ICMP:
def __init__(self, buff):
header = struct.unpack('<BBHHH', buff)
self.type = header[0]
self.code = header[1]
self.sum = header[2]
self.id = header[3]
self.seq = header[4]
def sniff(host):
# should look familiar from previous example
if os.name == 'nt':
socket_protocol = socket.IPPROTO_IP
else:
socket_protocol = socket.IPPROTO_ICMP
sniffer = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_RAW,socket_protocol)
sniffer.bind((host,0))
sniffer.setsockopt(socket.IPPROTO_IP, socket.IP_HDRINCL, 1)
if os.name == 'nt':
sniffer.ioctl(socket.SIO_RCVALL, socket.RCVALL_ON)
try:
while True:
# read a packet
#将前20字节转换成IP头对象
raw_buffere = sniffer.recvfrom(65535)[0]
# create an IP header from the first 20 bytes
ip_header = IP(raw_buffere[0:20])
# if it's ICMP, we want it
if ip_header.protocol == 'ICMP':
print('Protocol: %s %s -> %s' % (ip_header.protocol,ip_header.src_address, ip_header.dst_address))
print(f'Version: {ip_header.ver}')
print(f'Header Length; {ip_header.ihl} TTL: {ip_header.ttl}')
# calculate where our ICMP packet starts
offset = ip_header.ihl * 4
buf = raw_buffere[offset:offset + 8]
# create our ICMP structure
icmp_header = ICMP(buf)
print('ICMP -> Yype: %s Code: %s\n' % (icmp_header.type, icmp_header.code))
except KeyboardInterrupt:
if os.name == 'nt':
sniffer.ioctl(socket.SIO_RCVALL, socket.RCVALL_OFF)
sys.exit()
if __name__ == '__main':
if len(sys.argv) == 2:
host = sys.argv[1]
else:
host = '10.74.212.22'
sniff(host)
这段代码在之前的IP结构下方又创建了一个ICMP结构。在负责接收数据包的主循环中,我们会判断接收到的数据包是否为ICMP数据包,然后计算出ICMP数据在原始数据包中的偏移,最后将数据按照ICMP结构进行解析。
(4)scanner.py
那前面我们已经完成了大部分工作,只剩下了一个任务——群发UDP数据包,并解析结果
import ipaddress
import os
import socket
import struct
import sys
import threading
import time
#subnet to target
SUBNET = '192.168.0.1/24'
# magic string we'll check ICMP responses for
#添加的这点代码应该很好理解。我们定义了一个简单的字符串作为“签名”,用于确认收到的ICMP响应是否是由我们发送的UDP包所触发的
MESSAGE = 'PYTHONRULES!'
#定义了一个Python结构,把数据包的前20个字节映射到IP头对象中。展示目前的通信协议和通信双方的IP地址
class IP:
def __init__(self, buff=None):
header = struct.unpack('<BHHHBBH4s4s', buff)
self.ver = header[0] >> 4
self.ihl = header[0] & 0xF
self.tos = header[1]
self.len = header[2]
self.id = header[3]
self.offset = header[4]
self.ttl = header[5]
self.protocol = header[6]
self.sum = header[7]
self.src = header[8]
self.dst = header[9]
# human readable IP addresses
#使用新打造的IP头结构,将抓包逻辑改成持续抓包和解析
self.src_address = ipaddress.ip_address(self.src)
self.dst_address = ipaddress.ip_address(self.dst)
# map protocol constants to their names
self.protocol_map = {1: "ICMP", 6: "TCP", 17: "UDP"}
try:
self.protocol = self.protocol_map[self.protocol_num]
except Exception as e:
print('%s No protocol for %s' % (e, self.protocol_num))
self.protocol = str(self.protocol_num)
class ICMP:
def __init__(self, buff):
header = struct.unpack('<BBHHH', buff)
self.type = header[0]
self.code = header[1]
self.sum = header[2]
self.id = header[3]
self.seq = header[4]
def udp_sender():
with socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM) as sender:
for ip in ipaddress.ip_network(SUBNET).hosts():
sender.sendto(bytes(MESSAGE, 'utf8'), (str(ip), 65212))
class Scanner:
def __init__(self, host):
self.host = host
if os.name == 'nt':
socket_protocol = socket.IPPROTO_IP
else:
socket_protocol = socket.IPPROTO_ICMP
self.socket = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_RAW, socket_protocol)
self.socket.bind((host, 0))
self.socket.setsockopt(socket.IPPROTO_IP, socket.IP_HDRINCL, 1)
if os.name == 'nt':
self.socket.ioctl(socket.SIO_RCVALL, socket.RCVALL_ON)
def sniff(self):
hosts_up = set([f'{str(self.host)} *'])
try:
while True:
# read a packet
raw_buffer = self.socket.recvfrom(65535)[0]
# create an IP header from the first 20 bytes
ip_header = IP(raw_buffer[0:20])
# if it's ICMP, we went it
if ip_header.protocol == "ICMP":
offset = ip_header.ihl1 * 4
buf = raw_buffer[offset:offset + 8]
icmp_header = ICMP(buf)
if icmp_header.code == 3 and icmp_header.type == 3:
if ipaddress.ip_address(ip_header.src_address) in ipaddress.IPv4Network(SUBNET):
# make sure it has our magic message
if raw_buffer[len(raw_buffer) - len(MESSAGE):] == bytes(MESSAGE, 'utf8'):
tgt = str(ip_header.src_address)
if tgt !=self.host and tgt not in hosts_up:
hosts_up.add(str(ip_header.src_address))
print(f'Host Up: {tgt}')
except KeyboardInterrupt:
if os.name == 'nt':
self.socket.ioctl(socket.SIO_RCVALL, socket.RCVALL_OFF)
print('\nUser interrupted')
if hosts_up:
print(f'\n\nSummary: Hosts up on {SUBNET}')
for host in sorted(hosts_up):
print(f'{host}')
print('')
sys.exit()
if __name__ == '__main':
if len(sys.argv) == 2:
host = sys.argv[1]
else:
host = ''
s = Scanner(host)
time.sleep(5)
t = threading.Thread(target=udp_sender)
t.start()
s.sniff()
其中我们引入ipaddress库,这样就能对整个子网进行主机发现扫描。
sniff函数会嗅探网络上的数据,步骤跟之前的例子差不多,唯一的区别就是这次它会把在线的主机记录下来。接收到预期的ICMP消息时,我们首先检查这个响应是不是来自我们正在扫描的子网,然后检查ICMP消息里有没有我们自定义的签名。如果所有检查都通过了,就把发送这条ICMP消息的主机IP地址打印出来。如果使用Ctrl+C组合键中断扫描过程的话,程序就会关闭网卡混杂模式(如果是Windows平台),并且把迄今为止扫描出来的主机都打印到屏幕上。
那到这里我们的流量嗅探工具已经算编写完成了,希望大家有所收获。
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