python中将时间字符串或时间戳互相转换或转换为为00:00:00格式（单位：秒）

b = 10  # 10秒,如果是小数，只舍不入
a = time.strftime('%H:%M:%S', time.gmtime(b))
print(a)  # 00:00:10

time.mktime(timetuple) ：将时间元组转换成时间戳
time.mktime() 与 time.localtime() 互为还原函数。

time.localtime([timestamp])：将时间戳转会为时间元组

时间字符串转换为时间戳（datetime没有找到获取时间戳）

timestring = '2016-12-21 10:22:56'
print time.mktime(time.strptime(timestring, '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')) # 1482286976.0

时间戳转换为时间格式字符串

1、time

timestamp = time.time()
timestruct = time.localtime(timestamp)
print time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S', timestruct) # 2016-12-22 10:49:57

2、datetime

import datetime
timestamp = 1482374997.55
datetime_struct = datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(timestamp)
print datetime_struct.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S') # 2016-12-22 10:49:57

datetime_struct = datetime.datetime.utcfromtimestamp(timestamp)
print datetime_struct.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S') # 2016-12-22 02:49:57

三、时间差计算
1、几天/周前

import datetime

now = datetime.datetime.now()
three_days_ago = now + datetime.timedelta(days=-3)
three_weeks_ago = now + datetime.timedelta(weeks=-3)

print now # datetime.datetime(2016, 12, 22, 11, 24, 49, 987171)
print three_days_ago # datetime.datetime(2016, 12, 19, 11, 24, 49, 987171)
print three_weeks_ago # datetime.datetime(2016, 12, 1, 11, 24, 49, 987171)

2、几周后

import datetime

now = datetime.datetime.now()
three_days_later = now + datetime.timedelta(days=3)
three_weeks_later = now + datetime.timedelta(weeks=3)

print now # datetime.datetime(2016, 12, 22, 11, 24, 49, 987171)
print three_days_later # datetime.datetime(2016, 12, 25, 11, 24, 49, 987171)
print three_weeks_later # datetime.datetime(2017, 1, 12, 11, 24, 49, 987171)

3、时间差

import time
import datetime

start = datetime.datetime.now()
time.sleep(30)
end = datetime.datetime.now()

print (end-start).days # 0 天数
print (end-start).total_seconds() # 30.029522 精确秒数
print (end-start).seconds # 30 秒数
print (end-start).microseconds # 29522 毫秒数

4、任意时间字符转换时间对象

import time
from dateutil import parser
 
time_string = time.ctime() # 'Thu Dec 22 10:35:25 2016'，这里可以是任意的时间格式
datetime_struct = parser.parse(time_string)
print type(datetime_struct) # <type 'datetime.datetime'>
print datetime_struct.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S') # 2016-12-22 13:58:59