ffmpeg的ffplay.c的例子很庞大,但是网上有简化的例子。本文参考的链接里面的例子很不错,但是不是最新版本的,可以去
https://github.com/chelyaev/ffmpeg-tutorial
里面下载最新的版本。
我运行此代码时的ffmpeg和SDL的环境为:
ffmpeg2.7.1
SDL1.2
将代码格式化后如下:
// tutorial01.c
//
// This tutorial was written by Stephen Dranger (dranger@gmail.com).
//
// Code based on a tutorial by Martin Bohme (boehme@inb.uni-luebeckREMOVETHIS.de)
// Tested on Gentoo, CVS version 5/01/07 compiled with GCC 4.1.1
// A small sample program that shows how to use libavformat and libavcodec to
// read video from a file.
//
// Use the Makefile to build all examples.
//
// Run using
//
// tutorial01 myvideofile.mpg
//
// to write the first five frames from "myvideofile.mpg" to disk in PPM
// format.
extern "C"
{
#include "libavutil/avstring.h"
#include "libavutil/mathematics.h"
#include "libavutil/pixdesc.h"
#include "libavutil/imgutils.h"
#include "libavutil/dict.h"
#include "libavutil/parseutils.h"
#include "libavutil/samplefmt.h"
#include "libavutil/avassert.h"
#include "libavutil/time.h"
#include "libavformat/avformat.h"
#include "libavdevice/avdevice.h"
#include "libswscale/swscale.h"
#include "libavutil/opt.h"
#include "libavcodec/avfft.h"
#include "libswresample/swresample.h"
#include "SDL1.2/SDL.h"
#include "SDL1.2/SDL_thread.h"
}
#pragma comment(lib, "avcodec.lib")
#pragma comment(lib, "avformat.lib")
#pragma comment(lib, "avutil.lib")
#pragma comment(lib, "avdevice.lib")
#pragma comment(lib, "avfilter.lib")
#pragma comment(lib, "postproc.lib")
#pragma comment(lib, "swresample.lib")
#pragma comment(lib, "swscale.lib")
#pragma comment(lib, "SDL.lib")
#include <stdio.h>
void SaveFrame(AVFrame *pFrame, int width, int height, int iFrame) {
FILE *pFile;
char szFilename[32];
int y;
// Open file
sprintf(szFilename, "E:\\temp\\ppm\\frame%d.ppm", iFrame);
pFile=fopen(szFilename, "wb");
if(pFile==NULL)
return;
// Write header
fprintf(pFile, "P6\n%d %d\n255\n", width, height);
// Write pixel data
for(y=0; y<height; y++)
fwrite(pFrame->data[0]+y*pFrame->linesize[0], 1, width*3, pFile);
// Close file
fclose(pFile);
}
int _tmain() {
AVFormatContext *pFormatCtx = NULL;
int i, videoStream;
AVCodecContext *pCodecCtx = NULL;
AVCodec *pCodec = NULL;
AVFrame *pFrame = NULL;
AVFrame *pFrameRGB = NULL;
AVPacket packet;
int frameFinished;
int numBytes;
uint8_t *buffer = NULL;
AVDictionary *optionsDict = NULL;
struct SwsContext *sws_ctx = NULL;
char szFile[] = "song.flv";
//if(argc < 2) {
// printf("Please provide a movie file\n");
// return -1;
//}
// Register all formats and codecs
av_register_all();
// Open video file
if( avformat_open_input(&pFormatCtx, szFile, NULL, NULL) != 0 ) {
return -1; // Couldn't open file
}
// Retrieve stream information
if( avformat_find_stream_info(pFormatCtx, NULL) < 0 ) {
return -1; // Couldn't find stream information
}
// Dump information about file onto standard error
av_dump_format(pFormatCtx, 0, szFile, 0);
// Find the first video stream
videoStream = -1;
for( i = 0; i < pFormatCtx->nb_streams; i ++) {
if( pFormatCtx->streams[i]->codec->codec_type == AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO ) {
videoStream = i;
break;
}
}
if( videoStream == -1 ) {
return -1; // Didn't find a video stream
}
// Get a pointer to the codec context for the video stream
pCodecCtx = pFormatCtx->streams[videoStream]->codec;
// Find the decoder for the video stream
pCodec = avcodec_find_decoder(pCodecCtx->codec_id);
if( pCodec == NULL ) {
fprintf(stderr, "Unsupported codec!\n");
return -1; // Codec not found
}
// Open codec, 打开解码器其实就是将pCodec赋值给pCodecCtx的成员变量codec
if( avcodec_open2(pCodecCtx, pCodec, &optionsDict) < 0 ) {
return -1; // Could not open codec
}
// Allocate video frame
pFrame = av_frame_alloc();
// Allocate an AVFrame structure
pFrameRGB = av_frame_alloc();
if( pFrameRGB == NULL ) {
return -1;
}
// Determine required buffer size and allocate buffer
numBytes = avpicture_get_size(PIX_FMT_RGB24, pCodecCtx->width,
pCodecCtx->height);
buffer = (uint8_t *)av_malloc(numBytes*sizeof(uint8_t));
sws_ctx =
sws_getContext
(
pCodecCtx->width,
pCodecCtx->height,
pCodecCtx->pix_fmt,
pCodecCtx->width,
pCodecCtx->height,
PIX_FMT_RGB24,
SWS_BILINEAR,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL
);
// Assign appropriate parts of buffer to image planes in pFrameRGB
// Note that pFrameRGB is an AVFrame, but AVFrame is a superset
// of AVPicture
avpicture_fill((AVPicture *)pFrameRGB, buffer, PIX_FMT_RGB24,
pCodecCtx->width, pCodecCtx->height);
// Read frames and save first five frames to disk
i = 0;
while( av_read_frame(pFormatCtx, &packet) >= 0 ) {
// Is this a packet from the video stream?
if( packet.stream_index == videoStream ) {
// Decode video frame
avcodec_decode_video2(pCodecCtx, pFrame, &frameFinished,
&packet);
// Did we get a video frame?
if( frameFinished ) {
// Convert the image from its native format to RGB
sws_scale
(
sws_ctx,
(uint8_t const * const *)pFrame->data,
pFrame->linesize,
0,
pCodecCtx->height,
pFrameRGB->data,
pFrameRGB->linesize
);
// Save the frame to disk
if( ++i <= 5 ) {
SaveFrame(pFrameRGB, pCodecCtx->width, pCodecCtx->height,
i);
}
}
}
// Free the packet that was allocated by av_read_frame
av_free_packet(&packet);
}
// Free the RGB image
av_free(buffer);
av_free(pFrameRGB);
// Free the YUV frame
av_free(pFrame);
// Close the codec
avcodec_close(pCodecCtx);
// Close the video file
avformat_close_input(&pFormatCtx);
return 0;
}
几个重要函数讲解一下:
avformat_open_input: 打开输入流的头部,保存到AVFormatContext,此时编解码器并没有打开,程序退出前,必须使用avformat_close_input()关闭打开的AVFormatContext。
avformat_find_stream_info: avformat_open_input只是打开了流的头部,并没有打开流,我们需要使用此函数打开流。
avcodec_find_decoder
avcodec_open2
获取解码器,这里打开解码器其实就是将pCodec赋值给pCodecCtx的成员变量codec
avpicture_get_size: 因为我们需要RGB格式的帧数据,所以需要确定RGB格式的图片尺寸。
sws_getContext: 获取转换上一下,根据该上下文可以将解码得到的格式数据转化成RGB格式的图片数据
av_read_frame: 循环读取每一个帧
avcodec_decode_video2: 解码每一个帧,需要注意的是因为帧是分I,P,B的,所以有时候avcodec_decode_video2返回的值不一定>0
sws_scale: YUV转RGB
SaveFrame: 将RGB数据保存为ppm格式
在这个例子的基础上,还可以将数据保存为jpg, bmp, yuv等格式。。
参考:http://dranger.com/ffmpeg/tutorial01.html