V4L2简单取图片范例

http://blog.chinaunix.net/uid-23065002-id-3016766.html

 

1. #include <stdio.h>
   
2. #include <stdlib.h>
   
3. #include <string.h>
   
4. #include <assert.h>
   
5. 
   
6. #include <getopt.h>
   
7. 
   
8. #include <fcntl.h>
   
9. #include <unistd.h>
   
10. #include <errno.h>
    
11. #include <malloc.h>
    
12. #include <sys/stat.h>
    
13. #include <sys/types.h>
    
14. #include <sys/time.h>
    
15. #include <sys/mman.h>
    
16. #include <sys/ioctl.h>
    
17. 
    
18. #include <asm/types.h>
    
19. #include <linux/videodev2.h>
    
20. 
    
21. #define CLEAR(x) memset (&(x), 0, sizeof (x))
    
22. 
    
23. struct buffer {
    
24. void * start;
    
25. size_t length;
    
26. };
    
27. 
    
28. static char * dev_name = "/dev/video0";//摄像头设备名
    
29. static int fd = -1;
    
30. struct buffer * buffers = NULL;
    
31. static unsigned int n_buffers = 0;
    
32. 
    
33. FILE *file_fd;
    
34. static unsigned long file_length;
    
35. static unsigned char *file_name;
    
36. //////////////////////////////////////////////////////
    
37. //获取一帧数据
    
38. //////////////////////////////////////////////////////
    
39. static int read_frame (void)
    
40. {
    
41.     struct v4l2_buffer buf;
    
42.     unsigned int i;
    
43. 
    
44.     CLEAR (buf);
    
45.     buf.type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE;
    
46.     buf.memory = V4L2_MEMORY_MMAP;
    
47. 
    
48.     ioctl (fd, VIDIOC_DQBUF, &buf); //出列采集的帧缓冲
    
49. 
    
50.     assert (buf.index < n_buffers);
    
51.     printf ("buf.index dq is %d,\n",buf.index);
    
52. 
    
53.     fwrite(buffers[buf.index].start, buf.bytesused, 1, file_fd); //将其写入文件中
    
54. 
    
55.     ioctl (fd, VIDIOC_QBUF, &buf); //再将其入列
    
56. 
    
57.     return 1;
    
58. }
    
59. 
    
60. int main (int argc,char ** argv)
    
61. {
    
62.     struct v4l2_capability cap;
    
63.     struct v4l2_format fmt;
    
64.     unsigned int i;
    
65.     enum v4l2_buf_type type;
    
66. 
    
67.     file_fd = fopen("test-mmap.jpg", "w");//图片文件名
    
68. 
    
69.     fd = open (dev_name, O_RDWR /* required */ | O_NONBLOCK, 0);//打开设备
    
70. 
    
71.     ioctl (fd, VIDIOC_QUERYCAP, &cap);//获取摄像头参数
    
72. 
    
73.     CLEAR (fmt);
    
74.     fmt.type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE;
    
75.     fmt.fmt.pix.width = 320;
    
76.     fmt.fmt.pix.height = 240;
    
77.     fmt.fmt.pix.pixelformat = V4L2_PIX_FMT_YUYV;
    
78.     fmt.fmt.pix.field = V4L2_FIELD_INTERLACED;
    
79.     ioctl (fd, VIDIOC_S_FMT, &fmt); //设置图像格式
    
80. 
    
81.     file_length = fmt.fmt.pix.bytesperline * fmt.fmt.pix.height; //计算图片大小
    
82. 
    
83.     struct v4l2_requestbuffers req;
    
84.     CLEAR (req);
    
85.     req.count = 4;
    
86.     req.type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE;
    
87.     req.memory = V4L2_MEMORY_MMAP;
    
88. 
    
89.     ioctl (fd, VIDIOC_REQBUFS, &req); //申请缓冲，count是申请的数量
    
90. 
    
91.     if (req.count < 2)
    
92.         printf("Insufficient buffer memory\n");
    
93. 
    
94.     buffers = calloc (req.count, sizeof (*buffers));//内存中建立对应空间
    
95. 
    
96.     for (n_buffers = 0; n_buffers < req.count; ++n_buffers)
    
97.     {
    
98.         struct v4l2_buffer buf; //驱动中的一帧
    
99.         CLEAR (buf);
    
100.         buf.type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE;
     
101.         buf.memory = V4L2_MEMORY_MMAP;
     
102.         buf.index = n_buffers;
     
103. 
     
104.         if (-1 == ioctl (fd, VIDIOC_QUERYBUF, &buf)) //映射用户空间
     
105.             printf ("VIDIOC_QUERYBUF error\n");
     
106. 
     
107.         buffers[n_buffers].length = buf.length;
     
108.         buffers[n_buffers].start = mmap (NULL /* start anywhere */, //通过mmap建立映射关系
     
109.                             buf.length,
     
110.                             PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE /* required */,
     
111. MAP_SHARED /* recommended */,
     
112.                             fd, buf.m.offset);
     
113. 
     
114.         if (MAP_FAILED == buffers[n_buffers].start)
     
115.             printf ("mmap failed\n");
     
116.     }
     
117. 
     
118.     for (i = 0; i < n_buffers; ++i)
     
119.     {
     
120.         struct v4l2_buffer buf;
     
121.         CLEAR (buf);
     
122. 
     
123.         buf.type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE;
     
124.         buf.memory = V4L2_MEMORY_MMAP;
     
125.         buf.index = i;
     
126. 
     
127.         if (-1 == ioctl (fd, VIDIOC_QBUF, &buf))//申请到的缓冲进入列队
     
128.             printf ("VIDIOC_QBUF failed\n");
     
129.     }
     
130. 
     
131.     type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE;
     
132. 
     
133.     if (-1 == ioctl (fd, VIDIOC_STREAMON, &type)) //开始捕捉图像数据
     
134.         printf ("VIDIOC_STREAMON failed\n");
     
135. 
     
136.     for (i = 0; i < 1; i++) //这一段涉及到异步IO
     
137.     {
     
138.         fd_set fds;
     
139.         struct timeval tv;
     
140.         int r;
     
141. 
     
142.         FD_ZERO (&fds);//将指定的文件描述符集清空
     
143.         FD_SET (fd, &fds);//在文件描述符集合中增加一个新的文件描述符
     
144. 
     
145.         /* Timeout. */
     
146.         tv.tv_sec = 2;
     
147.         tv.tv_usec = 0;
     
148. 
     
149.         r = select (fd + 1, &fds, NULL, NULL, &tv);//判断是否可读（即摄像头是否准备好），tv是定时
     
150. 
     
151.         if (-1 == r) {
     
152.             if (EINTR == errno)
     
153.                 continue;
     
154.             printf ("select err\n");
     
155.         }
     
156.         if (0 == r) {
     
157.             fprintf (stderr, "select timeout\n");
     
158.             exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
     
159.         }
     
160. 
     
161.         if (read_frame ())//如果可读，执行read_frame ()函数，并跳出循环
     
162.             break;
     
163.     }
     
164. 
     
165. unmap:
     
166.     for (i = 0; i < n_buffers; ++i)
     
167.         if (-1 == munmap (buffers[i].start, buffers[i].length))
     
168.             printf ("munmap error");
     
169.     close (fd);
     
170.     fclose (file_fd);
     
171.     exit (EXIT_SUCCESS);
     
172.     return 0;
     
173. }

转载自：http://daimajishu.iteye.com/blog/1085484