linux: 初识pthread

注意点

• pthread_create 与pthread_join成对出现
• 注意传参格式，pthread_create(&线程id, NULL, （func *）类型函数地址, (void *)变量或结构体地址);，函数定义则是void *函数名(void *arg)，函数内部要先把void指针arg强转为指定类型，如结构体可以新声明一个变量。也可以写成printf("My name is %s, age is %d\n", ((struct Mystruct *)arg)->name, ((struct Mystruct *)arg)->age);
• 引入<pthread.h>, 编译引入静态链接库-lpthread

单次读入，与pthread_join配对

#include<stdio.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>

//void *print(void *arg);

struct Mystruct{
    char name[20];
    int age;
};

void *print(void *arg){
    struct Mystruct m = *(struct Mystruct *)arg; 
    printf("My name is %s, age is %d\n", m.name, m.age);
    //sleep(2);
    printf("thread goes to the end\n");
}

int main(){
    pthread_t tid;
    struct Mystruct mystruct;
    strcpy(mystruct.name, "fang");
    mystruct.age = 18;
    printf("Thread is working...\n");
    pthread_create(&tid, NULL, print, (void *)&mystruct);
    pthread_join(tid, NULL);
    sleep(30);
    return 0;

}

循环读入，在函数中加入pthread_exit

#include<stdio.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>

struct Mystruct{
    char name[20];
    int age;
};


void *print(void *arg){
    //struct Mystruct m = *(struct Mystruct *)arg; 
    printf("My name is %s, age is %d\n", ((struct Mystruct *)arg)->name, ((struct Mystruct *)arg)->age);
    //sleep(2);
    printf("thread goes to the end\n");
    pthread_exit(NULL);
    printf("KILLITSELF\n");//无法输出
}

int main(){
    pthread_t tid;
    struct Mystruct mystruct;
    //mystruct.name = "fang";
    strcpy(mystruct.name, "fang");
    mystruct.age = 18;
    while(1){
        scanf("%d", &mystruct.age);
        printf("Thread is working...\n");
        pthread_create(&tid, NULL, print, (void *)&mystruct);
        //pthread_join(tid, NULL);
        //pthread_cancel(tid);//需要延时
    }
    sleep(30);
    return 0;
}

pthread_detach线程分离？？后面不能用join

多线程实现累加到10000

• 注意加锁操作，并及时解锁，防止死锁！

后来在编译无参数print时遇到了很狗血的问题，NULL转为（void *）NULL就不认，此处注意一定要用gcc而不是g++， 摘自一博客：

#include<stdio.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <unistd.h>

int now;
pthread_mutex_t mutex = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;

void *print(){
    while(1){
        pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex);
        if (now >= 10000){
            pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex);
            break;
        }
        now++;
        printf("%d\n", now);
        pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex);
    }
}

int main(){
    pthread_t tid[2];
    //并发
    pthread_create(&tid[0], NULL, print, (void *)NULL);
    pthread_create(&tid[1], NULL, print, (void *)NULL);
    for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++){
        pthread_join(tid[i], NULL);
    }
    return 0;

}