UDP多播

D类地址不区分网络地址和主机地址，它的第一个字节的前四位固定为1110 。所以D类地址范围：224.0.0.0到239.255.255.255

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

#define BUFLEN 255

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
  struct sockaddr_in peeraddr, myaddr;

  int sockfd;
  char recmsg[BUFLEN + 1];
  unsigned int socklen;

  /* 创建 socket 用于UDP通讯 */
  sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
  if (sockfd < 0) {
    printf("socket creating error\n");
    exit(1);
  }
  socklen = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in);

  /* 设置对方的端口和IP信息 */
  memset(&peeraddr, 0, socklen);
  peeraddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
  if (argv[2])
    peeraddr.sin_port = htons(atoi(argv[2]));
  else
    peeraddr.sin_port = htons(7838);
  if (argv[1]) {
    /* 注意这里设置的对方地址是指组播地址，而不是对方的实际IP地址 */
    if (inet_pton(AF_INET, argv[1], &peeraddr.sin_addr) <= 0) {
      printf("wrong group address!\n");
      exit(0);
    }
  } else {
    printf("no group address!\n");
    exit(0);
  }

  /* 设置自己的端口和IP信息 */
  memset(&myaddr, 0, socklen);
  myaddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
  if (argv[4])
    myaddr.sin_port = htons(atoi(argv[4]));
  else
    myaddr.sin_port = htons(23456);

  if (argv[3]) {
    if (inet_pton(AF_INET, argv[3], &myaddr.sin_addr) <= 0) {
      printf("self ip address error!\n");
      exit(0);
    }
  } else
    myaddr.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY;

  /* 绑定自己的端口和IP信息到socket上 */
  if (bind
      (sockfd, (struct sockaddr *) &myaddr,
       sizeof(struct sockaddr_in)) == -1) {
    printf("Bind error\n");
    exit(0);
  }

  /* 循环接受用户输入的消息发送组播消息 */
  for (;;) {
    /* 接受用户输入 */
    bzero(recmsg, BUFLEN + 1);
    if (fgets(recmsg, BUFLEN, stdin) == (char *) EOF)
      exit(0);
    /* 发送消息 */
    if (sendto
	(sockfd, recmsg, strlen(recmsg), 0,
	 (struct sockaddr *) &peeraddr,
	 sizeof(struct sockaddr_in)) < 0) {
      printf("sendto error!\n");
      exit(3);
    }
    printf("'%s' send ok\n", recmsg);
  }
}

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <netdb.h>
#include <errno.h>

#define BUFLEN 255

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
  struct sockaddr_in peeraddr;
  struct in_addr ia;
  int sockfd;
  char recmsg[BUFLEN + 1];
  unsigned int socklen, n;
  struct hostent *group;
  struct ip_mreq mreq;

  /* 创建 socket 用于UDP通讯 */
  sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
  if (sockfd < 0) {
    printf("socket creating err in udptalk\n");
    exit(1);
  }

  /* 设置要加入组播的地址 */
  bzero(&mreq, sizeof(struct ip_mreq));
  if (argv[1]) {
    if ((group = gethostbyname(argv[1])) == (struct hostent *) 0) {
      perror("gethostbyname");
      exit(errno);
    }
  } else {
    printf
      ("you should give me a group address, 224.0.0.0-239.255.255.255\n");
    exit(errno);
  }

  bcopy((void *) group->h_addr, (void *) &ia, group->h_length);
  /* 设置组地址 */
  bcopy(&ia, &mreq.imr_multiaddr.s_addr, sizeof(struct in_addr));

  /* 设置发送组播消息的源主机的地址信息 */
  mreq.imr_interface.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);

  /* 把本机加入组播地址，即本机网卡作为组播成员，只有加入组才能收到组播消息 */
  if (setsockopt
      (sockfd, IPPROTO_IP, IP_ADD_MEMBERSHIP, &mreq,
       sizeof(struct ip_mreq)) == -1) {
    perror("setsockopt");
    exit(-1);
  }

  socklen = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in);
  memset(&peeraddr, 0, socklen);
  peeraddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
  if (argv[2])
    peeraddr.sin_port = htons(atoi(argv[2]));
  else
    peeraddr.sin_port = htons(7838);
  if (argv[1]) {
    if (inet_pton(AF_INET, argv[1], &peeraddr.sin_addr) <= 0) {
      printf("Wrong dest IP address!\n");
      exit(0);
    }
  } else {
    printf("no group address given, 224.0.0.0-239.255.255.255\n");
    exit(errno);
  }


  /* 绑定自己的端口和IP信息到socket上 */
  if (bind
      (sockfd, (struct sockaddr *) &peeraddr,
       sizeof(struct sockaddr_in)) == -1) {
    printf("Bind error\n");
    exit(0);
  }

  /* 循环接收网络上来的组播消息 */
  for (;;) {
    bzero(recmsg, BUFLEN + 1);
    n = recvfrom(sockfd, recmsg, BUFLEN, 0,
		 (struct sockaddr *) &peeraddr, &socklen);
    if (n < 0) {
      printf("recvfrom err in udptalk!\n");
      exit(4);
    } else {
      /* 成功接收到数据报 */
      recmsg[n] = 0;
      printf("peer:%s", recmsg);
    }
  }
}

运行：

./client 230.1.0.1 7838 192.168.1.109 12345

./server 230.1.0.1 7838