DataStage

数据仓库中的数据来自于多种业务数据源,这些数据源可能来自于不同硬件平台,使用不同的操作系统,数据模型也相差很远,因而数据以不同的方式存在于不同的数据库中。如何获取并向数据仓库加载这些数据量大、种类多的数据,已成为建立数据仓库所面临的一个关键问题。针对目前系统的数据来源复杂,而且分析应用尚未成型的现状,强烈推荐使用专业的数据抽取、转换和装载工具--DataStage
DataStage用来做什么

  DataStage 是一套专门对多种操作数据源的数据抽取、转换和维护过程进行简化和自动化,并将其输入数据集市或数据仓库目标数据库的集成工具。
  DataStage 能够处理多种数据源的数据,包括主机系统的大型数据库、开放系统上的关系数据库和普通的文件系统等,以下列出它所能处理的主要数据源:
  大型主机系统数据库:IMS,DB2,ADABAS,VSAM等
  开放系统的关系数据库:Informix,Oracle,Sybase,DB2,Microsoft SQL Server等
  ERP系统:SAP/R3,PeopleSoft系统等
  普通文件和复杂文件系统:FTP文件系统,XML等
  Web服务器系统:IIS,Netscape,Apache等 
  Email系统:Outlook等
  DataStage可以从多个不同的业务系统中,从多个平台的数据源中抽取数据,完成转换和清洗,装载到各种系统里面。其中每步都可以在图形化工具里完成,同样可以灵活地被外部系统调度,提供专门的设计工具来设计转换规则和清洗规则等,实现了增量抽取、任务调度等多种复杂而实用的功能。其中简单的数据转换可以通过在界面上拖拉操作和调用一些DataStage预定义转换函数来实现,复杂转换可以通过编写脚本或结合其他语言的扩展来实现,并且DataStage提供调试环境,可以极大提高开发和调试抽取、转换程序的效率。
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数据抽取工作步骤

  根据以往的项目实施经验,通常数据抽取工作分抽取、清洗、转换、装载几个步骤:
  抽取主要是针对各个业务系统及不同网点的分散数据,充分理解数据定义后,规划需要的数据源及数据定义,制定可操作的数据源,制定增量抽取的定义。
  清洗主要是针对系统的各个环节可能出现的数据二义性、重复、不完整、违反业务规则等问题,允许通过试抽取,将有问题的记录先剔除出来,根据实际情况调整相应的清洗操作。
  转换主要是针对数据仓库建立的模型,通过一系列的转换来实现将数据从业务模型到分析模型,通过内建的库函数、自定义脚本或其他的扩展方式,实现了各种复杂的转换,并且支持调试环境,清楚的监控数据转换的状态。
  装载主要是将经过转换的数据装载到数据仓库里面,可以通过数据文件直接装载或直连数据库的方式来进行数据装载,可以充分体现高效性。在应用的时候可以随时调整数据抽取工作的运行方式,可以灵活的集成到其他管理系统中。
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DataStage工具介绍

  DataStage是基于客户机/服务器的数据集成架构,优化数据收集,转换和巩固的过程。它提供了一套图形化的客户工具:
  包括:Designer(设计者):创建执行数据集成任务Job的同时,对数据流和转换过程创建一个可视化的演示。
  Manager(管理者):对每个工程的各个单元,包括:库表定义,集中的数据转换,元数据连接等对象进行分类和组织。
  Director(指挥者):为启动,停止,监视作业提供交互式控制。
  Administrator(管理者):在服务器端管理DataStage的项目和使用者权限的分配
  在v8.1版本中,Manager(管理者)已经取消,合并到Designer。
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