跟我学：VS2019+Python +Web+ Django+Docker【VS2019 搭建Python web 项目，docker部署Python Web项目】（解决搭建过程中遇到的问题）

最新推荐文章于 2024-06-30 14:00:00 发布

夏子曦

最新推荐文章于 2024-06-30 14:00:00 发布

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分类专栏： Python Docker VS

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/oopxiajun2011/article/details/106127331

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源码：https://github.com/oopxiajun/vs2019-python-django-docker

1：python环境

下载Python，最新的版本3.7.4，官方下载大约25M会比较慢，需要耐心等待，官方要下载这个版本：Windows x86-64 executable installer。

官网下载地址：https://www.python.org/downloads/release/python-374/

2：Django

官方地址：https://www.djangoproject.com/download/

安装方式：使用管理员权限运行CMD，然后粘贴如下命令回车，等待安装完成即可。pip是python的包安装程序，类似于.Net的NuGet

pip install Django==3.0.6
Collecting Django==3.0.6
  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/9d/04/04abb097c84c770180eeebe7ed920ce42f9917ab5ad4de01ff8ed11bc25b/Django-3.0.6-py3-none-any.whl (7.5MB)
     |▌                               | 122kB 12kB/s eta 0:09:52

安装过程中你可能会遇到版本问题：直接使用提示上的命令，更新版本即可。

python -m pip install --upgrade pip

比如下面这个异常

pip install Django==3.0.6
Collecting Django==3.0.6
  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/9d/04/04abb097c84c770180eeebe7ed920ce42f9917ab5ad4de01ff8ed11bc25b/Django-3.0.6-py3-none-any.whl (7.5MB)
     |██                              | 481kB 5.6kB/s eta 0:20:47ERROR: Exception:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "d:\program files (x86)\python38-32\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\urllib3\response.py", line 425, in _error_catcher
    yield
  File "d:\program files (x86)\python38-32\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\urllib3\response.py", line 507, in read
    data = self._fp.read(amt) if not fp_closed else b""
  File "d:\program files (x86)\python38-32\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\cachecontrol\filewrapper.py", line 62, in read
    data = self.__fp.read(amt)
  File "d:\program files (x86)\python38-32\lib\http\client.py", line 454, in read
    n = self.readinto(b)
  File "d:\program files (x86)\python38-32\lib\http\client.py", line 498, in readinto
    n = self.fp.readinto(b)
  File "d:\program files (x86)\python38-32\lib\socket.py", line 669, in readinto
    return self._sock.recv_into(b)
  File "d:\program files (x86)\python38-32\lib\ssl.py", line 1241, in recv_into
    return self.read(nbytes, buffer)
  File "d:\program files (x86)\python38-32\lib\ssl.py", line 1099, in read
    return self._sslobj.read(len, buffer)
socket.timeout: The read operation timed out

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "d:\program files (x86)\python38-32\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\cli\base_command.py", line 153, in _main
    status = self.run(options, args)
  File "d:\program files (x86)\python38-32\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\commands\install.py", line 382, in run
    resolver.resolve(requirement_set)
  File "d:\program files (x86)\python38-32\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\legacy_resolve.py", line 201, in resolve
    self._resolve_one(requirement_set, req)
  File "d:\program files (x86)\python38-32\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\legacy_resolve.py", line 365, in _resolve_one
    abstract_dist = self._get_abstract_dist_for(req_to_install)
  File "d:\program files (x86)\python38-32\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\legacy_resolve.py", line 312, in _get_abstract_dist_for
    abstract_dist = self.preparer.prepare_linked_requirement(
  File "d:\program files (x86)\python38-32\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\operations\prepare.py", line 191, in prepare_linked_requirement
    unpack_url(
  File "d:\program files (x86)\python38-32\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\download.py", line 459, in unpack_url
    unpack_http_url(
  File "d:\program files (x86)\python38-32\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\download.py", line 312, in unpack_http_url
    from_path, content_type = _download_http_url(link,
  File "d:\program files (x86)\python38-32\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\download.py", line 551, in _download_http_url
    _download_url(resp, link, content_file, hashes, progress_bar)
  File "d:\program files (x86)\python38-32\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\download.py", line 253, in _download_url
    hashes.check_against_chunks(downloaded_chunks)
  File "d:\program files (x86)\python38-32\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\utils\hashes.py", line 80, in check_against_chunks
    for chunk in chunks:
  File "d:\program files (x86)\python38-32\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\download.py", line 223, in written_chunks
    for chunk in chunks:
  File "d:\program files (x86)\python38-32\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\utils\ui.py", line 160, in iter
    for x in it:
  File "d:\program files (x86)\python38-32\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\download.py", line 188, in resp_read
    for chunk in resp.raw.stream(
  File "d:\program files (x86)\python38-32\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\urllib3\response.py", line 564, in stream
    data = self.read(amt=amt, decode_content=decode_content)
  File "d:\program files (x86)\python38-32\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\urllib3\response.py", line 529, in read
    raise IncompleteRead(self._fp_bytes_read, self.length_remaining)
  File "d:\program files (x86)\python38-32\lib\contextlib.py", line 131, in __exit__
    self.gen.throw(type, value, traceback)
  File "d:\program files (x86)\python38-32\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\urllib3\response.py", line 430, in _error_catcher
    raise ReadTimeoutError(self._pool, None, "Read timed out.")
pip._vendor.urllib3.exceptions.ReadTimeoutError: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='files.pythonhosted.org', port=443): Read timed out.
WARNING: You are using pip version 19.3.1; however, version 20.1 is available.
You should consider upgrading via the 'python -m pip install --upgrade pip' command.

python -m pip install --upgrade pip
Collecting pip
  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/54/2e/df11ea7e23e7e761d484ed3740285a34e38548cf2bad2bed3dd5768ec8b9/pip-20.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (1.5MB)
     |████████████████████████████████| 1.5MB 29kB/s
Installing collected packages: pip
  Found existing installation: pip 19.3.1
    Uninstalling pip-19.3.1:
      Successfully uninstalled pip-19.3.1
Successfully installed pip-20.1

再次安装Django

pip install Django==3.0.6
Collecting Django==3.0.6
  Downloading Django-3.0.6-py3-none-any.whl (7.5 MB)
     |████████████████████████████████| 7.5 MB 23 kB/s
WARNING: Retrying (Retry(total=4, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'ReadTimeoutError("HTTPSConnectionPool(host='pypi.org', port=443): Read timed out. (read timeout=15)")': /simple/pytz/
Collecting pytz
  Downloading pytz-2020.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (510 kB)
     |████████████████████████████████| 510 kB 13 kB/s
Collecting sqlparse>=0.2.2
  Downloading sqlparse-0.3.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (40 kB)
     |████████████████████████████████| 40 kB 18 kB/s
Collecting asgiref~=3.2
  Downloading asgiref-3.2.7-py2.py3-none-any.whl (19 kB)
Installing collected packages: pytz, sqlparse, asgiref, Django
Successfully installed Django-3.0.6 asgiref-3.2.7 pytz-2020.1 sqlparse-0.3.1

3：VS2019 创建Python Web 项目

以上Django的环境就已经搭建好了，剩下的就是使用VS2019新建Django的项目了，如果当时没有安装Python的开发环境，那么使用Visual Studio Installer重新勾上Python即可。

让后搜素Python选择Django Web

项目名称

目录接口如下

4：在VS2019 中启动创建的Python Django Web 项目

简单粗暴就直接在项目上右键 ---调试--启动新实例

然后会在弹出控制台相关信息

当然你也可以控制台命令启动项目，cmd 命令 cd到项目目录下面，然后执行启动

python manage.py runserver

我们可以看到端口是58223，访问路径 http://127.0.0.1:58223/，web就可以运行调试了

Performing system checks...

System check identified no issues (0 silenced).

You have 2 unapplied migration(s). Your project may not work properly until you apply the migrations for app(s): auth.
Run 'python manage.py migrate' to apply them.
May 14, 2020 - 21:56:26
Django version 3.0.6, using settings 'vs2019_python_django_docker.settings'
Starting development server at http://127.0.0.1:58223/
Quit the server with CTRL-BREAK.

在浏览器中访问 http://127.0.0.1:58223/

抛异常了，告诉自己没有事呀没有事...........

在urls.py这个文件中有相关路径的设置

看到了一个admin

试一试，访问下 http://localhost:58223/admin，可以访问了，项目是正常的

but要用户名和密码？？Right-click the project node and select Python->Django Create Superuser. 已提示我们！

创建超级用户输入超级用户名 administrator ，回车

输入邮箱回车，密码，确认密码回车

Python 3.8 (32-bit) 交互窗口 [PTVS 16.4.19310.1-16.0]
键入 $help 获取命令列表。
正在执行 manage.py createsuperuser

You have 2 unapplied migration(s). Your project may not work properly until you apply the migrations for app(s): auth.
Run 'python manage.py migrate' to apply them.
Username (leave blank to use 'administrator'): 
administrator

Email address: 
oopxiajun@qq.com

D:\Program Files (x86)\Python38-32\lib\getpass.py:100: GetPassWarning: Can not control echo on the terminal.
  return fallback_getpass(prompt, stream)
Warning: Password input may be echoed.
Password: 
123456

Warning: Password input may be echoed.
Password (again): 
123456

This password is too short. It must contain at least 8 characters.
This password is too common.
This password is entirely numeric.
Bypass password validation and create user anyway? [y/N]: 
y

Superuser created successfully.
交互 Python 进程已退出。
交互 Python 进程已退出。

再次启动调试，登陆时输入刚刚设置的用户名和密码

5：准备Dockerfile，docker-compose.yaml 、run.sh文件

5.1 Dockerfile内容

FROM	python:3.8  
RUN		python -m pip install --upgrade pip 
COPY	app /home/vs2019_python_django_docker/app
#COPY	static /home/vs2019_python_django_docker/static
COPY	run.sh /home/vs2019_python_django_docker/run.sh
COPY	vs2019_python_django_docker /home/vs2019_python_django_docker/vs2019_python_django_docker
COPY	db.sqlite3 /home/vs2019_python_django_docker/db.sqlite3
COPY	manage.py /home/vs2019_python_django_docker/manage.py
ADD		Django-3.0.6.tar.gz /usr/local/src
WORKDIR /usr/local/src/Django-3.0.6
RUN     python setup.py install
WORKDIR /home/vs2019_python_django_docker
CMD		["/bin/bash", "run.sh"]

5.2 docker-compose.yaml内容

version: '2'
services:
  vs2019pythondjangodocker:
    build:          #镜像构建
      context:  .   #构建镜像时所在的资源路径
      dockerfile: Dockerfile    #构建镜像时需要的dockerfile文件路径
    ports:
      - "9999:80"     #端口映射
    image: vs2019pythondjangodocker:v1.0   #镜像名称和tag

5.3 run.sh内容

python manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:80 --noreload --settings vs2019_python_django_docker.settings

6：部署第一个python的web项目

启动

docker-compose -f docker-compose.yaml up --build -d

查看镜像

# docker images
REPOSITORY                                                        TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
vs2019pythondjangodocker                                          v1.0                1bae576703c3        12 minutes ago      1.04GB

查看启动的容器

# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE                                               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                  NAMES
0256608f62a0        vs2019pythondjangodocker:v1.0                       "/bin/bash run.sh"       13 minutes ago      Up 13 minutes       0.0.0.0:9999->80/tcp   vs2019-python-django-docker_vs2019pythondjangodocker_1

停止

docker-compose -f docker-compose.yaml down

7：遇到的问题

7.1 DisallowedHost at /admin【已解决】

Invalid HTTP_HOST header: '192.168.134.139:9999'. You may need to add '192.168.134.139' to ALLOWED_HOSTS.

修改 setting.py 文件：

ALLOWED_HOSTS = ['*'] ＃在这里请求的host添加了＊

7.2 在构建镜像时安装Django 很慢（网络影响），需要等很久【未解决】

7.3 登录提示 Forbidden (403) 【已解决】（vs中调试正常，在linux中docker部署后访问点击登录就会有这个提示）

Forbidden (403)

CSRF verification failed. Request aborted.

You are seeing this message because this site requires a CSRF cookie when submitting forms. This cookie is required for security reasons, to ensure that your browser is not being hijacked by third parties.

If you have configured your browser to disable cookies, please re-enable them, at least for this site, or for “same-origin” requests.

Help

Reason given for failure:

    CSRF cookie not set.

In general, this can occur when there is a genuine Cross Site Request Forgery, or when Django's CSRF mechanism has not been used correctly. For POST forms, you need to ensure:

Your browser is accepting cookies.
The view function passes a request to the template's render method.
In the template, there is a {% csrf_token %} template tag inside each POST form that targets an internal URL.
If you are not using CsrfViewMiddleware, then you must use csrf_protect on any views that use the csrf_token template tag, as well as those that accept the POST data.
The form has a valid CSRF token. After logging in in another browser tab or hitting the back button after a login, you may need to reload the page with the form, because the token is rotated after a login.

You're seeing the help section of this page because you have DEBUG = True in your Django settings file. Change that to False, and only the initial error message will be displayed.

You can customize this page using the CSRF_FAILURE_VIEW setting.

这个问题想了一宿，于是我决定看看容器日志

docker logs 0256608f62a0 -f

这一看，我明白了。

Forbidden (CSRF cookie not set.): /admin/login/
[17/May/2020 07:36:20] "POST /admin/login/?next=/admin/ HTTP/1.1" 403 2864
Forbidden (CSRF cookie not set.):Internal Server Error: /

原来浏览器cookie 有异常（QQ浏览器害人），将其换为google浏览器内核，或者换成google浏览器试试，正常！