【半原创】内核中的数据结构：SplayTree

内核中的数据结构：

Splay Tree
    Splay Tree(伸展树)是Binary Search Tree(二叉搜索树)， Daniel Sleator和Robert E.Tarjan发明。但此操作可能会花费O(n)时间，但m次操作的最坏情况为O(m*log2(n))。
Splay Tree是在节点访问后，此节点将成为该树的根。如此节点位置深，则根到该节点路径上会有很多较深节点。旋转后，这些节点的深度会减少。 
    查找频率高的item经常在靠近树根的位置。每次查找后，对树进行重构，把item挪倒离树根近地方。Splay tree是自调整形式的二叉查找树，会沿着某个节点到树根间的路径，通过一系列旋转把此节点搬移到树根。

RtlSplay  主要例程，完成节点到Splay树根的操作。
RtlDelete 删除节点，重新平衡。
RtlIsRoot 节点是否是Splay树根。
RtlRealPredecessor 返回节点的pre节点。
RtlInsertAsLeftChild

PRTL_SPLAY_LINKS
RtlSplay( IN PRTL_SPLAY_LINKS Links )
{
    PRTL_SPLAY_LINKS L;
    PRTL_SPLAY_LINKS P;
    PRTL_SPLAY_LINKS G;
    //  while links is not the root we need to keep rotating it toward
    //  the root
    L = Links;

    while (!RtlIsRoot(L)) {

        P = RtlParent(L);
        G = RtlParent(P);
        if (RtlIsLeftChild(L)) {
            if (RtlIsRoot(P)) {
                /*
                  we have the following case

                          P           L
                         / \         / \
                        L   c  ==>  a   P
                       / \             / \
                      a   b           b   c
                */

                //  Connect P & b
                //

                P->LeftChild = L->RightChild;
                if (P->LeftChild != NULL) {P->LeftChild->Parent = P;}
                //  Connect L & P

                L->RightChild = P;
                P->Parent = L;

                //  Make L the root

                L->Parent = L;

            } else if (RtlIsLeftChild(P)) {

                /* we have the following case

                          |           |
                          G           L
                         / \         / \
                        P   d  ==>  a   P
                       / \             / \
                      L   c           b   G
                     / \                 / \
                    a   b               c   d
                */

                //  Connect P & b

                P->LeftChild = L->RightChild;
                if (P->LeftChild != NULL) {P->LeftChild->Parent = P;}
                //  Connect G & c

                G->LeftChild = P->RightChild;
                if (G->LeftChild != NULL) {G->LeftChild->Parent = G;}

               //  Connect L & Great GrandParent

                if (RtlIsRoot(G)) {
                    L->Parent = L;
                } else {
                    L->Parent = G->Parent;
                    *(ParentsChildPointerAddress(G)) = L;
                }

                //  Connect L & P

                L->RightChild = P;
                P->Parent = L;

                //
                //  Connect P & G
                //

                P->RightChild = G;
                G->Parent = P;

            } else { // RtlIsRightChild(Parent)

                /*
                  we have the following case

                        |                |
                        G                L
                       / \             /   \
                      a   P           G     P
                         / \         / \   / \
                        L   d  ==>  a   b c   d
                       / \
                      b   c
                */

                //
                //  Connect G & b
                //

                G->RightChild = L->LeftChild;
                if (G->RightChild != NULL) {G->RightChild->Parent = G;}

                //
                //  Connect P & c
                //

                P->LeftChild = L->RightChild;
                if (P->LeftChild != NULL) {P->LeftChild->Parent = P;}

                //
                //  Connect L & Great GrandParent
                //

                if (RtlIsRoot(G)) {
                    L->Parent = L;
                } else {
                    L->Parent = G->Parent;
                    *(ParentsChildPointerAddress(G)) = L;
                }

                //
                //  Connect L & G
                //

                L->LeftChild = G;
                G->Parent = L;

                //
                //  Connect L & P
                //

                L->RightChild = P;
                P->Parent = L;

            }

        } else { // RtlIsRightChild(L)

            if (RtlIsRoot(P)) {

                /*
                  we have the following case

                        P               L
                       / \             / \
                      a   L           P   c
                         / \         / \
                        b   c  ==>  a   b
                */

                //
                //  Connect P & b
                //

                P->RightChild = L->LeftChild;
                if (P->RightChild != NULL) {P->RightChild->Parent = P;}

                //
                //  Connect P & L
                //

                L->LeftChild = P;
                P->Parent = L;

                //
                //  Make L the root
                //

                L->Parent = L;

            } else if (RtlIsRightChild(P)) {

                /*
                  we have the following case

                      |                   |
                      G                   L
                     / \                 / \
                    a   P               P   d
                       / \             / \
                      b   L           G   c
                         / \         / \
                        c   d  ==>  a   b
                */

                //
                //  Connect G & b
                //

                G->RightChild = P->LeftChild;
                if (G->RightChild != NULL) {G->RightChild->Parent = G;}

                //
                //  Connect P & c
                //

                P->RightChild = L->LeftChild;
                if (P->RightChild != NULL) {P->RightChild->Parent = P;}

                //
                //  Connect L & Great GrandParent
                //

                if (RtlIsRoot(G)) {
                    L->Parent = L;
                } else {
                    L->Parent = G->Parent;
                    *(ParentsChildPointerAddress(G)) = L;
                }

                //
                //  Connect L & P
                //

                L->LeftChild = P;
                P->Parent = L;

                //
                //  Connect P & G
                //

                P->LeftChild = G;
                G->Parent = P;

            } else { // RtlIsLeftChild(P)

                /*
                  we have the following case

                          |              |
                          G              L
                         / \           /   \
                        P   d         P     G
                       / \           / \   / \
                      a   L    ==>  a   b c   d
                         / \
                        b   c
                */

                //
                //  Connect P & b
                //

                P->RightChild = L->LeftChild;
                if (P->RightChild != NULL) {P->RightChild->Parent = P;}

                //
                //  Connect G & c
                //

                G->LeftChild = L->RightChild;
                if (G->LeftChild != NULL) {G->LeftChild->Parent = G;}

                //
                //  Connect L & Great GrandParent
                //

                if (RtlIsRoot(G)) {
                    L->Parent = L;
                } else {
                    L->Parent = G->Parent;
                    *(ParentsChildPointerAddress(G)) = L;
                }

                //
                //  Connect L & P
                //

                L->LeftChild = P;
                P->Parent = L;

                //
                //  Connect L & G
                //

                L->RightChild = G;
                G->Parent = L;

            }
        }
    }

    return L;
}