python之mysql工具库

1.  先安装 pymysql库
2. 创建一个py文件，命名为：MysqlUnit.py
3. 复制以下代码 
4. 代码中实现了表的创建、删除、插入、查询、通过sql查询的方法

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import pymysql
import re


class MysqldbHelper(object):  # 继承object类所有方法

    '''
    构造方法：
    config = {
        'host': '127.0.0.1',
        'port': 3306,
        'user': 'root',
        'passwd': 'root',
        'charset':'utf8',
        'cursorclass':pymysql.cursors.DictCursor
        }
    conn = pymysql.connect(**config)
    conn.autocommit(1)
    cursor = conn.cursor()
    '''

    def __init__(self, config):

        self.host = config['host']
        self.username = config['user']
        self.password = config['passwd']
        self.port = config['port']
        self.con = None
        self.cur = None

        try:
            self.con = pymysql.connect(**config)
            self.con.autocommit(1)
            # 所有的查询，都在连接 con 的一个模块 cursor 上面运行的
            self.cur = self.con.cursor()
        except:
            print("DataBase connect error,please check the db config.")

    # 关闭数据库连接
    def close(self):
        if not self.con:
            self.con.close()
        else:
            print("DataBase doesn't connect,close connectiong error;please check the db config.")

    # 创建数据库
    def createDataBase(self, DB_NAME):
        # 创建数据库
        self.cur.execute(
            'CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS %s DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci' % DB_NAME)
        self.con.select_db(DB_NAME)
        print('creatDatabase:' + DB_NAME)

    # 选择数据库
    def selectDataBase(self, DB_NAME):
        self.con.select_db(DB_NAME)

    # 获取数据库版本号
    def getVersion(self):
        self.cur.execute("SELECT VERSION()")
        return self.getOneData()

    # 获取上个查询的结果
    def getOneData(self):
        # 取得上个查询的结果，是单个结果
        data = self.cur.fetchone()
        return data

    # 创建数据库表
    def creatTable(self, tablename, attrdict, constraint):
        """创建数据库表

            args：
                tablename  ：表名字
                attrdict   ：属性键值对,{'book_name':'varchar(200) NOT NULL'...}
                constraint ：主外键约束,PRIMARY KEY(`id`)
        """
        if self.isExistTable(tablename):
            print("%s is exit" % tablename)
            return
        sql = ''
        sql_mid = '`id` bigint(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,'
        for attr, value in attrdict.items():
            sql_mid = sql_mid + '`' + attr + '`' + ' ' + value + ','
        sql = sql + 'CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS %s (' % tablename
        sql = sql + sql_mid
        sql = sql + constraint
        sql = sql + ') ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8'
        print('creatTable:' + sql)
        self.executeCommit(sql)

    def executeSql(self, sql=''):
        """执行sql语句，针对读操作返回结果集

            args：
                sql  ：sql语句
        """
        try:
            self.cur.execute(sql)
            records = self.cur.fetchall()
            return records
        except pymysql.Error as e:
            error = 'MySQL execute failed! ERROR (%s): %s' % (e.args[0], e.args[1])
            print(error)

    def executeCommit(self, sql):
        self.cur.execute(sql)
        self.con.commit()
        # except pymysql.Error as e:
        #     self.con.rollback()
        #     error = 'MySQL execute failed! ERROR (%s): %s' % (e.args[0], e.args[1])
        #     print("error:", error)
        #     return error

    def _is_dict(self, o):
        for key, value in o.items():
            if isinstance(value, str) and value.find('"') >= 0:
                o[key] = value.replace('"', "")

        return o

    def insert(self, tablename, params):
        """创建数据库表

            args：
                tablename  ：表名字
                key        ：属性键
                value      ：属性值
        """
        key = []
        value = []
        # for tmpkey, tmpvalue in params.items():
        #     key.append(tmpkey)
        #     if isinstance(tmpvalue, str):
        #         value.append('\"' + tmpvalue + '\"')
        #     else:
        #         value.append(tmpvalue)
        self._is_dict(params)
        attrs_sql = '(' + ','.join('`{}`'.format(i) for i in params.keys()) + ')'
        values_sql = ' values(' + ','.join('"%s"' % id for id in params.values()) + ')'

        sql = 'insert into %s' % tablename
        sql = sql + attrs_sql + values_sql
        #print('_insert:' + sql)
        self.executeCommit(sql)
        print('保存成功:' )

    def selectSql(self,sql):
        return self.executeSql(sql)

    def select(self, tablename, cond_dict='', order='', fields='*',start='' ,pagesize = ''):
        """查询数据

            args：
                tablename  ：表名字
                cond_dict  ：查询条件
                order      ：排序条件

            example：
                print mydb.select(table)
                print mydb.select(table, fields=["name"])
                print mydb.select(table, fields=["name", "age"])
                print mydb.select(table, fields=["age", "name"])
        """
        consql = ' '
        if cond_dict != '':
            for k, v in cond_dict.items():
                consql = consql + '`' + k + '`' + '=' + '"' + v + '"' + ' and'
        consql = consql + ' 1=1 limit '+start+","+pagesize
        if fields == "*":
            sql = 'select * from %s where ' % tablename
        else:
            if isinstance(fields, list):
                fields = ",".join(fields)
                sql = 'select %s from %s where ' % (fields, tablename)
            else:
                print("fields input error, please input list fields.")
        sql = sql + consql + order
        print('select:' + sql)
        return self.executeSql(sql)

    def insertMany(self, table, attrs, values):
        """插入多条数据

            args：
                tablename  ：表名字
                attrs        ：属性键
                values      ：属性值

            example：
                table='test_mysqldb'
                key = ["id" ,"name", "age"]
                value = [[101, "liuqiao", "25"], [102,"liuqiao1", "26"], [103 ,"liuqiao2", "27"], [104 ,"liuqiao3", "28"]]
                mydb.insertMany(table, key, value)
        """
        values_sql = ['%s' for v in attrs]
        attrs_sql = '(' + ','.join(attrs) + ')'
        values_sql = ' values(' + ','.join(values_sql) + ')'
        sql = 'insert into %s' % table
        sql = sql + attrs_sql + values_sql
        print('insertMany:' + sql)
        try:
            print(sql)
            for i in range(0, len(values), 20000):
                self.cur.executemany(sql, values[i:i + 20000])
                self.con.commit()
        except pymysql.Error as e:
            self.con.rollback()
            error = 'insertMany executemany failed! ERROR (%s): %s' % (e.args[0], e.args[1])
            print(error)

    def delete(self, tablename, cond_dict):
        """删除数据

            args：
                tablename  ：表名字
                cond_dict  ：删除条件字典

            example：
                params = {"name" : "caixinglong", "age" : "38"}
                mydb.delete(table, params)

        """
        consql = ' '
        if cond_dict != '':
            for k, v in cond_dict.items():
                if isinstance(v, str):
                    v = "\'" + v + "\'"
                consql = consql + tablename + "." + k + '=' + v + ' and '
        consql = consql + ' 1=1 '
        sql = "DELETE FROM %s where%s" % (tablename, consql)
        print(sql)
        return self.executeCommit(sql)

    def update(self, tablename, attrs_dict, cond_dict):
        """更新数据

            args：
                tablename  ：表名字
                attrs_dict  ：更新属性键值对字典
                cond_dict  ：更新条件字典

            example：
                params = {"name" : "caixinglong", "age" : "38"}
                cond_dict = {"name" : "liuqiao", "age" : "18"}
                mydb.update(table, params, cond_dict)

        """
        attrs_list = []
        consql = ' '
        for tmpkey, tmpvalue in attrs_dict.items():
            attrs_list.append("`" + tmpkey + "`" + "=" + "\'" + tmpvalue + "\'")
        attrs_sql = ",".join(attrs_list)
        print("attrs_sql:", attrs_sql)
        if cond_dict != '':
            for k, v in cond_dict.items():
                if isinstance(v, str):
                    v = "\'" + v + "\'"
                consql = consql + "`" + tablename + "`." + "`" + k + "`" + '=' + v + ' and '
        consql = consql + ' 1=1 '
        sql = "UPDATE %s SET %s where%s" % (tablename, attrs_sql, consql)
        print(sql)
        return self.executeCommit(sql)


    def updateSql(self, sql):
        print(sql)
        return self.executeCommit(sql)

    def dropTable(self, tablename):
        """删除数据库表

            args：
                tablename  ：表名字
        """
        sql = "DROP TABLE  %s" % tablename
        self.executeCommit(sql)

    def deleteTable(self, tablename):
        """清空数据库表

            args：
                tablename  ：表名字
        """
        sql = "DELETE FROM %s" % tablename
        print("sql=", sql)
        self.executeCommit(sql)

    def isExistTable(self, tablename):
        """判断数据表是否存在

            args：
                tablename  ：表名字

            Return:
                存在返回True，不存在返回False
        """
        sql = "select * from %s" % tablename
        result = self.executeCommit(sql)
        if result is None:
            return True
        else:
            if re.search("doesn't exist", result):
                return False
            else:
                return True


if __name__ == "__main__":

    # 定义数据库访问参数
    config = {
        'host': '127.0.0.1',
        'port': 6806,
        'user': 'root',
        'passwd': 'tcltest',
        'charset': 'utf8',
        'cursorclass': pymysql.cursors.DictCursor
    }

    # 初始化打开数据库连接
    mydb = MysqldbHelper(config)

    # 打印数据库版本
    print(mydb.getVersion())

    # 创建数据库
    DB_NAME = 'test_db'
    # mydb.createDataBase(DB_NAME)

    # 选择数据库
    print("========= 选择数据库%s ===========" % DB_NAME)
    mydb.selectDataBase(DB_NAME)

    # 创建表
    TABLE_NAME = 'test_user'
    print("========= 选择数据表%s ===========" % TABLE_NAME)
    # CREATE TABLE %s(id int(11) primary key,name varchar(30))' %TABLE_NAME
    attrdict = {'name': 'varchar(30) NOT NULL'}
    constraint = "PRIMARY KEY(`id`)"
    # mydb.creatTable(TABLE_NAME,attrdict,constraint)

    # 插入纪录
    print("========= 单条数据插入 ===========")
    params = {}
    for i in range(5):
        params.update({"name": "testuser" + str(i)})  # 生成字典数据，循环插入
        print(params)
        mydb.insert(TABLE_NAME, params)
        print("")

    # 批量插入数据
    print("========= 多条数据同时插入 ===========")
    insert_values = []
    for i in range(5):
        # values.append((i,"testuser"+str(i)))
        insert_values.append([u"测试用户" + str(i)])  # 插入中文数据
    print(insert_values)
    insert_attrs = ["name"]
    mydb.insertMany(TABLE_NAME, insert_attrs, insert_values)

    # 数据查询
    print("========= 数据查询 ===========")
    print(mydb.select(TABLE_NAME, fields=["id", "name"]))
    print(mydb.select(TABLE_NAME, cond_dict={'name': '测试用户2'}, fields=["id", "name"]))
    print(mydb.select(TABLE_NAME, cond_dict={'name': '测试用户2'}, fields=["id", "name"], order="order by id desc"))

    # 删除数据
    print("========= 删除数据 ===========")
    delete_params = {"name": "测试用户2"}
    mydb.delete(TABLE_NAME, delete_params)

    # 更新数据
    print("========= 更新数据 ===========")
    update_params = {"name": "测试用户99"}  # 需要更新为什么值
    update_cond_dict = {"name": "测试用户3"}  # 更新执行的查询条件
    mydb.update(TABLE_NAME, update_params, update_cond_dict)

    # 删除表数据
    print("========= 删除表数据 ===========")
    mydb.deleteTable(TABLE_NAME)

    # 删除表
    print("========= 删除表     ===========")
    mydb.dropTable(TABLE_NAME)

• 再创建一个py文件：

• if __name__ == '__main__':
      config = {
          'host': 'localhost',
          'port': 3306,
          'user': 'root',
          'passwd': 'root',
          'charset': 'utf8',
          'cursorclass': pymysql.cursors.DictCursor
      }
      mydb = MysqldbHelper(config)
      DB_NAME = 'dbname'
      mydb.selectDataBase(DB_NAME)
      da = {
         'name':'gnmame',
         'age':18   
      }
      #数据表名称，dict格式 的数据,可直接插入
      mydb.insert('szhouse',da)