java多线程

最新推荐文章于 2022-04-11 07:00:37 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2022-04-11 07:00:37 发布

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文章标签： java 多线程

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/outstanding__/article/details/117859477

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多线程

在这里插入图片描述

一、创建多线程方式一：

继承Thread类，重写run（）方法，调用start开启线程
在这里插入图片描述

二、创建多线程方式二：

实现Runnable接口，重写run方法，执行线程需要丢入Runnable接口实现类，调用start方法。
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龟兔赛跑

实现Runnable接口

package com.wei.jiechu.duoxiancheng;
//龟兔赛跑
public class Race implements Runnable{
    //胜利者
    private  static String winner;
    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i <=100; i++) {
            //模拟兔子休息
            if (Thread.currentThread().getName().equals("兔子")&& i%10==0){
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(0);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            //判断比赛是否结束
            boolean flag=gameOver(i);
            //如果比赛结束了，就停止程序
            if(flag){
                break;
            }
            //当前线程跑了多少步
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"-->跑了"+i+"步");
        }
    }
    //判断是否完成比赛
    private boolean gameOver(int steps){
        //判断是否有胜利者
        if(winner!=null){
            return true;
        }{
            if(steps>=100){
                winner=Thread.currentThread().getName();
                System.out.println("winner is"+winner);
                return true;
            }
        }
        return false;
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Race race=new Race();
        new Thread(race,"兔子").start();
        new Thread(race,"乌龟").start();
    }
}

三、创建多线程方式三：

实现Callable接口（了解即可）(弹幕说面试重灾区)
1.实现Callable接口，需要返回值类型
2.重写call方法，需要抛出异常
3.常见目标对象
4.常见执行服务：ExecutorService ser=Executors.newFixedThreadPool(1);
5.提交执行：Futureresult1=ser.submit(t1);
6.获取结果：boolean r1=result1.get()
7.关闭服务：ser.shutdownNow();

四、线程停止

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package com.wei.jiechu.duoxiancheng;

public class TestStop implements Runnable{
    //1.设置一个标志位
    private boolean flag=true;
    @Override
    public void run() {
        int i=0;
        while (flag){
            System.out.println("run....Thread"+i++);
        }
    }
    //2.设置一个公开的方法停止线程，转换标志位
    public void stop(){
        this.flag=false;
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        TestStop testStop =new TestStop();
        new Thread(testStop).start();
        for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
            System.out.println("main"+i);
            if(i==900){
                //调用stop方法切换标志位，让线程停止
                testStop.stop();
                System.out.println("线程该停止了");
            }
        }
    }
}

五、模拟网络延时

模拟网络延时

sleep

package com.wei.jiechu.duoxiancheng;
//模拟网络延时
public class YanShi implements Runnable{
    private int ticketnums=10;
    @Override
    public void run() {
        while(true){
            if(ticketnums<=0){
                break;
            }
            //模拟延时
            try {
                Thread.sleep(200);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"-->拿到了第"+ticketnums--+"票");
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        YanShi ticket=new YanShi();
        new Thread(ticket,"小明").start();
        new Thread(ticket,"老师").start();
        new Thread(ticket,"黄牛党").start();

    }
}

模拟倒计时

package com.wei.jiechu.duoxiancheng;
//模拟倒计时
public class JiShi {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        tenDown();
    }
    public static void tenDown() throws InterruptedException {
        int num=10;
        while(true){
            Thread.sleep(1000);
            System.out.println(num--);
            if(num<=0){
                break;
            }
        }
    }

}

打印当前系统时间

System.currentTimeMillis()

package com.wei.jiechu.duoxiancheng;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
public class JiShi {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //打印当前系统时间
        Date startTime=new Date(System.currentTimeMillis());//获取系统当前时间
        while(true){
            try {
                Thread.sleep(1000);
                System.out.println(new SimpleDateFormat("HH:mm:ss").format(startTime));
                 startTime=new Date(System.currentTimeMillis());//更新时间
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }

    }

线程插队

join

package com.wei.jiechu.duoxiancheng;

public class ChaDui implements  Runnable {
    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 200; i++) {
            System.out.println("线程vip来了"+i);
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        //启动我们的线程
        ChaDui testJoin=new ChaDui();
        Thread thread=new Thread(testJoin);
        thread.start();
        //主线程
        for (int i = 0; i < 500; i++) {
            if(i==200){
                thread.join();//插队
            }
            System.out.println("main"+i);
        }
    }
}

六、线程状态

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观察线程状态

package com.wei.jiechu.duoxiancheng;
//观察测试线程的状态
public class ZhuangTai {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        Thread thread=new Thread(()->{
            for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(1000);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            System.out.println("//");
        });

        //观察状态
        Thread.State state=thread.getState();
        System.out.println(state);//NEW

        //观察启动后
        thread.start();//启动线程
        state =thread.getState();
        System.out.println(state);//Run

        //只要线程不停止，就一直输出状态
        while (state!=Thread.State.TERMINATED){
            Thread.sleep(100);
            state=thread.getState();//更新线程状态
            System.out.println(state);//输出状态
        }
    }
}

测试线程的优先级

Priority

package com.wei.jiechu.duoxiancheng;

public class YouXianJi {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //主线程默认优先级
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"-->"+Thread.currentThread().getPriority());
        
        MyPriority myPriority=new MyPriority();
        Thread t1=new Thread(myPriority);
        Thread t2=new Thread(myPriority);
        Thread t3=new Thread(myPriority);
        Thread t4=new Thread(myPriority);
        //先设置优先级，再启动
        t1.start();

        t2.setPriority(1);
        t2.start();

        t3.setPriority(4);
        t3.start();

        t4.setPriority(Thread.MAX_PRIORITY);
        t4.start();
    }
}
class MyPriority implements Runnable{
    @Override
    public void run() {
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"-->"+Thread.currentThread().getPriority());
    }
}

守护线程

Daemon(true)

package com.wei.jiechu.duoxiancheng;
//测试守护线程
//上帝守护你
public class ShouHu {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        God god=new God();
        You you=new You();

        Thread thread=new Thread(god);
        thread.setDaemon(true);//默认是false表示是用户线程，正常的线程都是用户线程...

        thread.start();//上帝守护线程启动

        new Thread(you).start();//你 用户线程启动...
    }
}
//上帝
class God implements Runnable{
    @Override
    public void run() {
        while (true){
            System.out.println("上帝保佑着你");
        }
    }
}
//你
class You implements Runnable{
    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 36500; i++) {
            System.out.println("你一生都开心的活着");
        }
        System.out.println("================goodbye!world!===========");//Hello,World!
    }
}

七、并发线程同步队列锁

同步方法锁机制:synchronized
同步块：synchronized(Obj){}
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三大不安全案例

不安全的买票

package com.wei.thread;
//不安全的买票
public class XCTongBu {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Text text=new Text();
        new Thread(text,"小明").start();
        new Thread(text,"老师").start();
        new Thread(text,"黄牛党").start();

    }
}

class Text implements Runnable{
    //票
    private int nums=10;
    boolean flag =true;//外部停止方法
    @Override
    public void run() {
        //买票
        while (flag){
            buy();
        }
    }
    private void buy(){
        //判断是否有票
        if (nums<=0){
            flag=false;
            return;
        }
       /* try {
            Thread.sleep(100);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }*/
        //买票
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"拿到"+nums--);
    }
}

不安全的取钱

package com.wei.thread;
//不安全的取钱
//两个人去银行取钱，账户
public class bank {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //账户
        Account account=new Account(100,"结婚基金");
        Drawing you =new Drawing(account,50,"你");
        Drawing girlFriend =new Drawing(account,100,"girlFriend");

        you.start();
        girlFriend.start();
    }
}

//账户
class Account{
    int money;//余额
    String name;//卡名
    public Account(int money, String name) {
        this.money = money;
        this.name = name;
    }
}

//银行：模拟取款
class Drawing extends Thread{
    //账户
    Account account;
    //取了多少钱
    int drawingMoney;
    //现在手里有多少钱
    int nowMoney;
    public Drawing(Account account,int drawingMoney,String name){
        super(name);
        this.account=account;
        this.drawingMoney=drawingMoney;
    }
    @Override
    public void run() {
        //判断有没有钱
        if (account.money-drawingMoney<0){
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"钱不够,取不了");
            return;
        }
        //sleep可以放大问题的发生性
        try {
            Thread.sleep(1000);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        //卡内余额=余额-你取的钱
        account.money=account.money-drawingMoney;
        //你手里的钱
        nowMoney=nowMoney+drawingMoney;
        System.out.println(account.name+"余额为："+account.money);
        System.out.println(this.getName()+"手里的钱："+nowMoney);
    }
}

线程不安全的集合

package com.wei.thread;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

//线程不安全的集合
public class unsafeList {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        List<String> list=new ArrayList<>();
        for (int i = 0; i < 10000; i++) {
            new Thread(()->{
                list.add(Thread.currentThread().getName());
            }).start();
        }
        try {
            Thread.sleep(3000);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        System.out.println(list.size());
    }
}

三大不安全案例改后

不安全的买票改

synchronized

package com.wei.thread;
//不安全的买票
public class XCTongBu {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Text text=new Text();
        new Thread(text,"小明").start();
        new Thread(text,"老师").start();
        new Thread(text,"黄牛党").start();

    }
}

class Text implements Runnable{
    //票
    private int nums=10;
    boolean flag =true;//外部停止方法
    @Override
    public void run() {
        //买票
        while (flag){
            buy();
        }
    }
    //synchronized 同步方法，锁的是this
    private synchronized void buy(){
        //判断是否有票
        if (nums<=0){
            flag=false;
            return;
        }
        try {
            Thread.sleep(1000);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        //买票
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"拿到"+nums--);
    }

}

不安全的取钱改

synchronized块

package com.wei.thread;
//不安全的取钱
//两个人去银行取钱，账户
public class bank {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //账户
        Account account=new Account(100,"结婚基金");
        Drawing you =new Drawing(account,50,"你");
        Drawing girlFriend =new Drawing(account,100,"girlFriend");

        you.start();
        girlFriend.start();
    }
}

//账户
class Account{
    int money;//余额
    String name;//卡名
    public Account(int money, String name) {
        this.money = money;
        this.name = name;
    }
}

//银行：模拟取款
class Drawing extends Thread{
    //账户
    Account account;
    //取了多少钱
    int drawingMoney;
    //现在手里有多少钱
    int nowMoney;
    public Drawing(Account account,int drawingMoney,String name){
        super(name);
        this.account=account;
        this.drawingMoney=drawingMoney;
    }
    @Override
    public void run() {
        synchronized (account){
            //判断有没有钱
            if (account.money-drawingMoney<0){
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"钱不够,取不了");
                return;
            }
            //sleep可以放大问题的发生性
            try {
                Thread.sleep(1000);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            //卡内余额=余额-你取的钱
            account.money=account.money-drawingMoney;
            //你手里的钱
            nowMoney=nowMoney+drawingMoney;
            System.out.println(account.name+"余额为："+account.money);
            System.out.println(this.getName()+"手里的钱："+nowMoney);
        }

    }
}

线程不安全的集合改

package com.wei.thread;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

//线程不安全的集合
public class unsafeList {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        List<String> list=new ArrayList<>();
        for (int i = 0; i < 10000; i++) {
            new Thread(()->{
                synchronized (list){
                    list.add(Thread.currentThread().getName());
                }
            }).start();
        }
        try {
            Thread.sleep(3000);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        System.out.println(list.size());
    }
}

锁

死锁

package com.wei.thread;
//死锁：多个线程互相抱着对方需要的资源，然后形成僵持
public class DeadLock {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Makeup g1=new Makeup(0,"灰姑凉");
        Makeup g2=new Makeup(1,"白雪公主");
        g1.start();
        g2.start();
    }
}
//口红
class Lipstick{
}
//镜子
class Mirror{
}
class Makeup extends Thread {
    //需要的资源只有一份，用static来保证只有一份
    static Lipstick lipstick = new Lipstick();
    static Mirror mirror = new Mirror();

    int choice;//选择
    String girlName;//使用化妆品的人

    Makeup(int choice, String girlName) {
        this.choice = choice;
        this.girlName = girlName;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        //化妆
        try {
            makeup();
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    //化妆，互相持有对方的锁，就是需要拿到对方的资源
    private void makeup() throws InterruptedException {
        if (choice == 0) {
            synchronized (lipstick) {//获得口红的锁
                System.out.println(this.girlName + "获得口红的锁");
                Thread.sleep(1000);
                synchronized (mirror) {//一秒钟后想获得镜子
                    System.out.println(this.girlName + "获得镜子的锁");
                }
            }
        } else {
            synchronized (mirror) {//获得镜子的锁
                System.out.println(this.girlName + "获得镜子的锁");
                Thread.sleep(2000);
                synchronized (lipstick) {//一秒钟后想获得口红
                    System.out.println(this.girlName + "获得口红的锁");
                }

            }
        }
    }
}

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Lock锁

ReentrantLock类实现了Lock
可重入锁

从JDK 5.0开始，java提供了更强大的在线同步机制——通过显示定义同步锁对象来实现同步。同步锁使用Lock对象充当。
java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock接口是控制多个线程对共享资源进行访问的工具。锁提供了对共享资源的独占访问，每次只能有一个线程对Lock对象加锁，线程开始访问共享资源之前应先获得Lock对象
ReentrantLock类实现了Lock，它拥有与synchronized相同的并发性和内存语意，在实现线程安全的控制中，比较常用的是PeentrantLock，可以显示加锁、释放锁。

synchronized与lock的对比
Lock是显示锁（手动开启和关闭锁，别忘记关闭锁）synchronized是隐式锁，出了作用域自动释放
Lock只有代码块锁，synchronized有代码块锁和方法锁
使用Lock锁，JVM将花费较少的事件来调度线程，性能更好。并且具有更好的扩展性（提供更多的子类）

加锁之前

package com.wei.thread;

import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;

//测试Lock锁
public class TestLock {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        TestLock2 testLock2=new TestLock2();
        new Thread(testLock2).start();
        new Thread(testLock2).start();
        new Thread(testLock2).start();
    }
}

class TestLock2 implements Runnable{
    int ticketNums=10;
    @Override
    public void run() {
                while (true) {
                if (ticketNums > 0) {
                    try {
                        Thread.sleep(1000);
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                    System.out.println(ticketNums--);
                } else {
                    break;
                }
            }
    }
}

加锁之后

package com.wei.thread;

import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;

//测试Lock锁
public class TestLock {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        TestLock2 testLock2=new TestLock2();
        new Thread(testLock2).start();
        new Thread(testLock2).start();
        new Thread(testLock2).start();
    }
}

class TestLock2 implements Runnable{
    int ticketNums=10;
//定义lock锁
    ReentrantLock lock =new ReentrantLock();
    @Override
    public void run() {

            try {
                while (true) {
                lock.lock();//加锁
                if (ticketNums > 0) {
                    try {
                        Thread.sleep(1000);
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                    System.out.println(ticketNums--);
                } else {
                    break;
                }
            }
            }finally {
                //解锁
                lock.unlock();
            }
        
    }
}

街出

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java多线程

多线程一、创建多线程方式一：继承Thread类，重写run（）方法，调用start开启线程二、创建多线程方式二：实现Runnable接口，重写run方法，执行线程需要丢入Runnable接口实现类，调用start方法。龟兔赛跑实现Runnable接口package com.wei.jiechu.duoxiancheng;//龟兔赛跑public class Race implements Runnable{ //胜利者 private static String w
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