一、原文地址
二、原文
2.1 前言
我们知道在jni中执行一个java函数需要调用几行代码才行,如
jclass objClass = (*env).GetObjectClass(obj);
jmethodID methodID = (*env).GetMethodID(objClass, methodName, methodSig);
jobject result = (*env).CallObjectMethod(obj, methodID, ...);
这样使用起来很不方便,尤其当需要大量的调用java函数就会产生大量的上述代码,由此我产生了一个开发封装这些操作的工具类,以便大量简化我们的开发。
2.2 简单封装
其实可以看到整个过程基本是固定不变的:先获取Class,然后获取method,然后在执行call。所以可以简单的先封装成一系列工具函数,如:
jobject callObjMethod(JNIEnv *env, jobject obj, const char *methodName, const char *methodSig, ...){
va_list args;
jclass objClass = (*env).GetObjectClass(obj);
jmethodID methodID = (*env).GetMethodID(objClass, methodName, methodSig);
va_start(args,methodSig);
jobject result = (*env).CallObjectMethodV(obj, methodID, args);
va_end(args);
return result;
}
jint callIntMethod(JNIEnv *env, jobject obj, const char *methodName, const char *methodSig, ...){
va_list args;
jclass objClass = (*env).GetObjectClass(obj);
jmethodID methodID = (*env).GetMethodID(objClass, methodName, methodSig);
va_start(args,methodSig);
jint result = (*env).CallIntMethodV(obj, methodID, args);
va_end(args);
return result;
}
jboolean callBooleanMethod(JNIEnv *env, jobject obj, const char *methodName, const char *methodSig, ...){
va_list args;
jclass objClass = (*env).GetObjectClass(obj);
jmethodID methodID = (*env).GetMethodID(objClass, methodName, methodSig);
va_start(args,methodSig);
jboolean result = (*env).CallBooleanMethodV(obj, methodID, args);
va_end(args);
return result;
}
这样当我们要通过jni执行某个java函数的时候,就一行代码就可以搞定了,比如String.length()
:
jint len = callIntMethod(env, str, "length", "()I")
这样就可以大大减少了代码量,而且代码也更易读了。
2.3 优化
通过上面可以看到这些函数大部分代码都非常类似,只有一行代码和返回值有区别,所以我考虑使用函数模版来进行优化,如下:
template <typename T>
T callMethod(JNIEnv *env, jobject obj, const char *methodName, const char *methodSig, ...){
va_list args;
jclass objClass = (*env).GetObjectClass(obj);
jmethodID methodID = (*env).GetMethodID(objClass, methodName, methodSig);
va_start(args,methodSig);
T result;
if(typeid(T) == typeid(jobject)){
result = (*env).CallObjectMethodV(obj, methodID, args);
}
if(typeid(T) == typeid(jdouble)){
result = (*env).CallDoubleMethodV(obj, methodID, args);
}
...
va_end(args);
return *result;
}
这样只要调用callMethod<return type>
即可,愿望很美好,但是上面代码实际上是无法通过编译。
因为模版函数实际上是在编译时,根据调用的类型,拷贝生成多个具体类型的函数以便使用。
所以如果有这样的调用callMethod<jobject>(...)
,在编译时就会拷贝成一个如下的函数:
jobject callMethod(JNIEnv *env, jobject obj, const char *methodName, const char *methodSig, ...){
va_list args;
jclass objClass = (*env).GetObjectClass(obj);
jmethodID methodID = (*env).GetMethodID(objClass, methodName, methodSig);
va_start(args,methodSig);
jobject result;
if(typeid(jobject) == typeid(jobject)){
result = (*env).CallObjectMethodV(obj, methodID, args);
}
if(typeid(jobject) == typeid(jdouble)){
result = (*env).CallDoubleMethodV(obj, methodID, args);
}
...
va_end(args);
return *result;
}
注意这行代码:
if(typeid(jobject) == typeid(jdouble)){
result = (*env).CallDoubleMethodV(obj, methodID, args);
}
虽然实际上是无法执行的代码,但是编译时还是会进行检查,由于将jdouble
类型的赋值给jobject
类型的result
,所以编译不通过,类型无法转换。而且这里用强转static_cast
等方法都不行。
我考虑两种方法来解决这个问题,一种是保证编译不报错,因为运行时不会执行的代码,只要通过编译就可以。另外一种是不同的类型编译不同的代码。
2.3.1 void指针
在C++
中void
指针可以被赋值任何类型指针,且void
指针强转为任何类型指针在编译时不会报错。代码如下:
template <typename T>
T callMethod(JNIEnv *env, jobject obj, const char *methodName, const char *methodSig, ...){
va_list args;
jclass objClass = (*env).GetObjectClass(obj);
jmethodID methodID = (*env).GetMethodID(objClass, methodName, methodSig);
va_start(args,methodSig);
T* result = new T();
if(typeid(T) == typeid(jobject)){
jobject objec = (*env).CallObjectMethodV(obj, methodID, args);
void *p = &objec;
result = (T*)p;
}
if(typeid(T) == typeid(jdouble)){
jdouble doub = (*env).CallDoubleMethodV(obj, methodID, args);
void *p = &doub;
result = (T*)p;
}
va_end(args);
return *result;
}
当然利用void
指针很不安全,虽然可以通过编译,但是执行时如果类型不同会直接造成crash。所以并不建议这种方式。
2.3.2 模版函数特例化
将差异代码部分封装到另一个模版函数中,并且对每种类型进行特例化,这样还可以去掉if-else判断,代码如下:
template <typename K>
K call2Result(JNIEnv *env, jobject obj, jmethodID methodID, va_list args){
return *(new K());
}
template <>
jobject call2Result(JNIEnv *env, jobject obj, jmethodID methodID, va_list args){
return (*env).CallObjectMethodV(obj, methodID, args);
}
template <>
jdouble call2Result(JNIEnv *env, jobject obj, jmethodID methodID, va_list args){
return (*env).CallDoubleMethodV(obj, methodID, args);
}
...
template <typename T>
T callMethod(JNIEnv *env, jobject obj, const char *methodName, const char *methodSig, ...){
va_list args;
jclass objClass = (*env).GetObjectClass(obj);
jmethodID methodID = (*env).GetMethodID(objClass, methodName, methodSig);
va_start(args,methodSig);
T result = call2Result<T>(env, obj, methodID, args);
va_end(args);
return result;
}
这样在编译时,如果返回值是jobject
类型的,当编译到call2Result
时,就会直接调用jobject call2Result(...)
这个函数,就不再涉及类型转换的问题。
这样去掉了if判断,但是由于没有通用的函数,所以所有使用的类型都需要特例化,如果某个类型未特例化,代码执行可能就会有问题。而在jni中,与java对应的类型其实就那么十几种,所以我们只要全部实现一遍call2Result
即可。
2.3.2.1 undefined reference to
使用模版函数出现这个问题,是因为没有将模版函数的实现写在头文件中,只将模版函数的声明在头文件中,而在源文件中实现的。
所以我们应该将模版函数的实现也写进头文件中,而模版函数特例化则可以在源文件中实现,但是注意要include头文件。
2.3.2.2 返回值是void类型
因为void的特殊性,所以如果当成泛型来处理会有很多问题,这里把返回值是void类型的单独实现一个函数即可。
2.4 总结
上面我们仅仅是实现了调用普通函数的工具,根据这个思路我们还可以实现调用静态函数、获取成员变量、赋值成员变量等,这样当我们在进行jni开发的时候,如果需要对java对象或类进行操作,只需要一行代码就可以了。
2.5 源码
关注本公众号(BennuCTech),发送“JNIObjectTools”获取源码。
三、工具类代码
- 头文件object_tools.h
//
// Created by bennu on 2019/3/5.
//
#ifndef OBJECT_TOOLS_H
#define OBJECT_TOOLS_H
#include <jni.h>
#include <string>
#include <string.h>
#include <typeinfo>
jobject newObject(JNIEnv *env, const char *className, const char *methodSig, ...);
template <typename T>
const char* getBaseClassSig(const char *sig){
if(typeid(T) == typeid(jint)){
return "I";
}
if(typeid(T) == typeid(jdouble)){
return "D";
}
if(typeid(T) == typeid(jlong)){
return "J";
}
if(typeid(T) == typeid(jboolean)){
return "Z";
}
if(typeid(T) == typeid(jfloat)){
return "F";
}
return sig;
}
//new array
jobjectArray newObjectArray(JNIEnv *env, const char *className, jsize size, ...);
template <typename T, typename K>
T point2Array(JNIEnv *env, jsize size, K *items){
return *(new T());
}
template <typename T, typename K>
T newArray(JNIEnv *env, jsize size, ...){
va_list args;
va_start(args,size);
K* items = new K[size];
for(int i = 0; i < size; i++){
items[i] = va_arg(args, K);
}
T array = point2Array<T, K>(env, size, items);
va_end(args);
return array;
}
//set field
template <typename K>
void setField(JNIEnv *env, jobject obj, jfieldID fieldId, K value){
}
template <typename T>
void setField(JNIEnv *env, jobject obj, const char *fieldName, T value, const char *fieldSig = ""){
jclass objClass = (*env).GetObjectClass(obj);
jfieldID fieldId = (*env).GetFieldID(objClass, fieldName, getBaseClassSig<T>(fieldSig));
setField(env, obj, fieldId, value);
}
//get field
template <typename K>
K getFieldResult(JNIEnv *env, jobject obj, jfieldID fieldId){
return *(new K());
}
template <typename T>
T getField(JNIEnv *env, jobject obj, const char *fieldName, const char *fieldSig = ""){
jclass objClass = (*env).GetObjectClass(obj);
jfieldID fieldId = (*env).GetFieldID(objClass, fieldName, getBaseClassSig<T>(fieldSig));
T result = getFieldResult<T>(env, obj, fieldId);
return result;
}
/* set static field */
template <typename K>
void setStaticField(JNIEnv *env, jclass objClass, jfieldID fieldId, K value){
}
template <typename T>
void setStaticField(JNIEnv *env, const char *className, const char *fieldName, T value, const char *fieldSig = ""){
jclass objClass = (*env).FindClass(className);
jfieldID fieldId = (*env).GetStaticFieldID(objClass, fieldName, getBaseClassSig<T>(fieldSig));
setStaticField<T>(env, objClass, fieldId, value);
};
/* get static field */
template <typename K>
K getStaticFieldResult(JNIEnv *env, jclass objClass, jfieldID fieldId){
return *(new K());
}
template <typename T>
T getStaticField(JNIEnv *env, const char *className, const char *fieldName, const char *fieldSig = ""){
jclass objClass = (*env).FindClass(className);
jfieldID fieldId = (*env).GetStaticFieldID(objClass, fieldName, getBaseClassSig<T>(fieldSig));
T result = getStaticFieldResult<T>(env, objClass, fieldId);
return result;
};
//call method
template <typename K>
K call2Result(JNIEnv *env, jobject obj, jmethodID methodID, va_list args){
return *(new K());
}
template <typename T>
T callMethod(JNIEnv *env, jobject obj, const char *methodName, const char *methodSig, ...){
va_list args;
jclass objClass = (*env).GetObjectClass(obj);
jmethodID methodID = (*env).GetMethodID(objClass, methodName, methodSig);
va_start(args,methodSig);
T result = call2Result<T>(env, obj, methodID, args);
va_end(args);
return result;
}
void callVoidMethod(JNIEnv *env, jobject obj, const char *methodName, const char *methodSig, ...);
//call static method
template <typename K>
K callStatic2Result(JNIEnv *env, jclass objClass, jmethodID methodID, va_list args){
return *(new K());
}
template <typename T>
T callStaticMethod(JNIEnv *env, const char *className, const char *methodName, const char *methodSig, ...){
va_list args;
jclass objClass = (*env).FindClass(className);
jmethodID methodID = (*env).GetStaticMethodID(objClass, methodName, methodSig);
va_start(args,methodSig);
T result = callStatic2Result<T>(env, objClass, methodID, args);
va_end(args);
return result;
}
void callStaticVoidMethod(JNIEnv *env, const char *className, const char *methodName, const char *methodSig, ...);
bool throwSimpleException(JNIEnv *env);
#endif //OBJECT_TOOLS_H
- 源文件object_tools.cpp
//
// Created by bennu on 2019/3/5.
//
#include <jni.h>
#include <string>
#include <string.h>
#include <typeinfo>
#include "object_tools.h"
jobject newObject(JNIEnv *env, const char *className, const char *methodSig, ...){
va_list args;
jclass objClass = (*env).FindClass(className);
jmethodID newMethod = (*env).GetMethodID(objClass, "<init>", methodSig);
va_start(args,methodSig);
jobject obj =(*env).NewObjectV(objClass, newMethod, args);
va_end(args);
return obj;
}
//new array
jobjectArray newObjectArray(JNIEnv *env, const char *className, jsize size, ...){
va_list args;
va_start(args,size);
jobjectArray array = env->NewObjectArray(size, env->FindClass(className), 0);
for(int i = 0; i < size; i++){
env->SetObjectArrayElement(array, i, va_arg(args, jobject));
}
va_end(args);
return array;
}
template <>
jintArray point2Array(JNIEnv *env, jsize size, jint *items){
jintArray array = env->NewIntArray(size);
env->SetIntArrayRegion(array, 0, size, items);
return array;
}
template <>
jdoubleArray point2Array(JNIEnv *env, jsize size, jdouble *items){
jdoubleArray array = env->NewDoubleArray(size);
env->SetDoubleArrayRegion(array, 0, size, items);
return array;
}
template <>
jlongArray point2Array(JNIEnv *env, jsize size, jlong *items){
jlongArray array = env->NewLongArray(size);
env->SetLongArrayRegion(array, 0, size, items);
return array;
}
template <>
jfloatArray point2Array(JNIEnv *env, jsize size, jfloat *items){
jfloatArray array = env->NewFloatArray(size);
env->SetFloatArrayRegion(array, 0, size, items);
return array;
}
template <>
jbooleanArray point2Array(JNIEnv *env, jsize size, jboolean *items){
jbooleanArray array = env->NewBooleanArray(size);
env->SetBooleanArrayRegion(array, 0, size, items);
return array;
}
//set field
template <>
void setField(JNIEnv *env, jobject obj, jfieldID fieldId, jlong value){
(*env).SetLongField(obj, fieldId, value);
}
template <>
void setField(JNIEnv *env, jobject obj, jfieldID fieldId, jboolean value){
(*env).SetBooleanField(obj, fieldId, value);
}
template <>
void setField(JNIEnv *env, jobject obj, jfieldID fieldId, jint value){
(*env).SetIntField(obj, fieldId, value);
}
template <>
void setField(JNIEnv *env, jobject obj, jfieldID fieldId, jdouble value){
(*env).SetDoubleField(obj, fieldId, value);
}
template <>
void setField(JNIEnv *env, jobject obj, jfieldID fieldId, jobject value){
(*env).SetObjectField(obj, fieldId, value);
}
template <>
void setField(JNIEnv *env, jobject obj, jfieldID fieldId, jfloat value){
(*env).SetFloatField(obj, fieldId, value);
}
//get field
template <>
jdouble getFieldResult(JNIEnv *env, jobject obj, jfieldID fieldId){
return env->GetDoubleField(obj, fieldId);
}
template <>
jobject getFieldResult(JNIEnv *env, jobject obj, jfieldID fieldId){
return env->GetObjectField(obj, fieldId);
}
template <>
jint getFieldResult(JNIEnv *env, jobject obj, jfieldID fieldId){
return env->GetIntField(obj, fieldId);
}
template <>
jboolean getFieldResult(JNIEnv *env, jobject obj, jfieldID fieldId){
return env->GetBooleanField(obj, fieldId);
}
template <>
jlong getFieldResult(JNIEnv *env, jobject obj, jfieldID fieldId){
return env->GetLongField(obj, fieldId);
}
template <>
jfloat getFieldResult(JNIEnv *env, jobject obj, jfieldID fieldId){
return env->GetFloatField(obj, fieldId);
}
/* set static field */
template <>
void setStaticField(JNIEnv *env, jclass objClass, jfieldID fieldId, jobject value){
env->SetStaticObjectField(objClass, fieldId, value);
}
template <>
void setStaticField(JNIEnv *env, jclass objClass, jfieldID fieldId, jlong value){
env->SetStaticLongField(objClass, fieldId, value);
}
template <>
void setStaticField(JNIEnv *env, jclass objClass, jfieldID fieldId, jdouble value){
env->SetStaticDoubleField(objClass, fieldId, value);
}
template <>
void setStaticField(JNIEnv *env, jclass objClass, jfieldID fieldId, jint value){
env->SetStaticIntField(objClass, fieldId, value);
}
template <>
void setStaticField(JNIEnv *env, jclass objClass, jfieldID fieldId, jboolean value){
env->SetStaticBooleanField(objClass, fieldId, value);
}
template <>
void setStaticField(JNIEnv *env, jclass objClass, jfieldID fieldId, jfloat value){
env->SetStaticFloatField(objClass, fieldId, value);
}
/* get static field */
template <>
jobject getStaticFieldResult(JNIEnv *env, jclass objClass, jfieldID fieldId){
return (*env).GetStaticObjectField(objClass, fieldId);
}
template <>
jlong getStaticFieldResult(JNIEnv *env, jclass objClass, jfieldID fieldId){
return (*env).GetStaticLongField(objClass, fieldId);
}
template <>
jint getStaticFieldResult(JNIEnv *env, jclass objClass, jfieldID fieldId){
return (*env).GetStaticIntField(objClass, fieldId);
}
template <>
jdouble getStaticFieldResult(JNIEnv *env, jclass objClass, jfieldID fieldId){
return (*env).GetStaticDoubleField(objClass, fieldId);
}
template <>
jboolean getStaticFieldResult(JNIEnv *env, jclass objClass, jfieldID fieldId){
return (*env).GetStaticBooleanField(objClass, fieldId);
}
template <>
jfloat getStaticFieldResult(JNIEnv *env, jclass objClass, jfieldID fieldId){
return (*env).GetStaticFloatField(objClass, fieldId);
}
//call method
template <>
jobject call2Result(JNIEnv *env, jobject obj, jmethodID methodID, va_list args){
return (*env).CallObjectMethodV(obj, methodID, args);
}
template <>
jdouble call2Result(JNIEnv *env, jobject obj, jmethodID methodID, va_list args){
return (*env).CallDoubleMethodV(obj, methodID, args);
}
template <>
jint call2Result(JNIEnv *env, jobject obj, jmethodID methodID, va_list args){
return (*env).CallIntMethodV(obj, methodID, args);
}
template <>
jfloat call2Result(JNIEnv *env, jobject obj, jmethodID methodID, va_list args){
return (*env).CallFloatMethodV(obj, methodID, args);
}
template <>
jboolean call2Result(JNIEnv *env, jobject obj, jmethodID methodID, va_list args){
return (*env).CallBooleanMethodV(obj, methodID, args);
}
template <>
jlong call2Result(JNIEnv *env, jobject obj, jmethodID methodID, va_list args){
return (*env).CallLongMethodV(obj, methodID, args);
}
void callVoidMethod(JNIEnv *env, jobject obj, const char *methodName, const char *methodSig, ...){
va_list args;
jclass objClass = (*env).GetObjectClass(obj);
jmethodID methodID = (*env).GetMethodID(objClass, methodName, methodSig);
va_start(args,methodSig);
(*env).CallVoidMethodV(obj, methodID, args);
va_end(args);
}
//call static method
template <>
jobject callStatic2Result(JNIEnv *env, jclass objClass, jmethodID methodID, va_list args){
return (*env).CallStaticObjectMethodV(objClass, methodID, args);
}
template <>
jdouble callStatic2Result(JNIEnv *env, jclass objClass, jmethodID methodID, va_list args){
return (*env).CallStaticDoubleMethodV(objClass, methodID, args);
}
template <>
jint callStatic2Result(JNIEnv *env, jclass objClass, jmethodID methodID, va_list args){
return (*env).CallStaticIntMethodV(objClass, methodID, args);
}
template <>
jlong callStatic2Result(JNIEnv *env, jclass objClass, jmethodID methodID, va_list args){
return (*env).CallStaticLongMethodV(objClass, methodID, args);
}
template <>
jfloat callStatic2Result(JNIEnv *env, jclass objClass, jmethodID methodID, va_list args){
return (*env).CallStaticFloatMethodV(objClass, methodID, args);
}
template <>
jboolean callStatic2Result(JNIEnv *env, jclass objClass, jmethodID methodID, va_list args){
return (*env).CallStaticBooleanMethodV(objClass, methodID, args);
}
void callStaticVoidMethod(JNIEnv *env, const char *className, const char *methodName, const char *methodSig, ...){
va_list args;
jclass objClass = (*env).FindClass(className);
jmethodID methodID = (*env).GetStaticMethodID(objClass, methodName, methodSig);
va_start(args,methodSig);
(*env).CallStaticVoidMethodV(objClass, methodID, args);
va_end(args);
}
bool throwSimpleException(JNIEnv *env){
jthrowable ex = NULL;
ex = (*env).ExceptionOccurred();
if(ex){
//(*env).ExceptionDescribe(); //在java层打印堆栈信息
(*env).ExceptionClear(); //清除引发的异常
//注意:在清除异常之前不能做任何操作(比如将FindClass移至函数开始)否则会crash
jstring msg = (jstring)callMethod<jobject>(env, ex, "getMessage", "()Ljava/lang/String;");
jclass newExClass = (*env).FindClass("java/lang/Exception");
const char* result = env->GetStringUTFChars(msg, JNI_FALSE);
(*env).ThrowNew(newExClass, result);
env->ReleaseStringUTFChars(msg, result);
return true;
}
return false;
}