HttpMessageConverter
报文信息转换器,将请求报文转换为Java对象,或将Java对象转换为响应报文
HttpMessageConverter提供了两个注解和两个类型:@RequestBody,@ResponseBody,RequestEntity,ResponseEntity
一、@RequestBody
@RequestBody可以获取请求体,需要在控制器方法设置一个形参,使用@RequestBody进行标识,当前请求的请求体就会为当前注解所标识的形参赋值
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.tymeleaf.org">
<head>
<meta charset=" UTF-8 ">
<title>首页</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>首页</h1>
<form th:action="@{/testRequestBody}" method="post">
用户名:<input type="text" name="username"><br>
密码:<input type="password" name="password"><br>
<input type="submit" value="测试@RequestBody">
</form>
</body>
</html>
@Controller
public class HttpController {
@RequestMapping("/testRequestBody")
public String testRequestBody (@RequestBody String requestBody){
System.out.println("requestBody:"+requestBody);
return "success";
}
}
二、RequestEntity
RequestEntity封装请求报文的一种类型,需要在控制器方法的形参中设置该类型的形参,当前请求的请求报文就会赋值给该形参,可以通过getHeaders()获取请求头信息,通过getBody()获取请求体信息
<form th:action="@{/testRequestEntity}" method="post">
用户名:<input type="text" name="username"><br>
密码:<input type="password" name="password"><br>
<input type="submit" value="测试@RequestEntity">
</form>
@RequestMapping("/testRequestEntity")
public String testRequestEntity(RequestEntity<String> requestEntity){
//当前requestEnity表示整个请求报文的信息
System.out.println("请求头:"+requestEntity.getHeaders());
System.out.println("请求体:"+requestEntity.getBody());
return "success";
}
//输出结果
requestHeader:[host:"localhost:8080", connection:"keep-alive", content-length:"27", cache-control:"max-age=0", sec-ch-ua:"" Not A;Brand";v="99", "Chromium";v="96", "Microsoft Edge";v="96"", sec-ch-ua-mobile:"?0", sec-ch-ua-platform:""Windows"", upgrade-insecure-requests:"1", origin:"http://localhost:8080", user-agent:"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/96.0.4664.110 Safari/537.36 Edg/96.0.1054.62", accept:"text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.9", sec-fetch-site:"same-origin", sec-fetch-mode:"navigate", sec-fetch-user:"?1", sec-fetch-dest:"document", referer:"http://localhost:8080/springMVCDemo7/", accept-encoding:"gzip, deflate, br", accept-language:"zh-CN,zh;q=0.9,en;q=0.8,en-GB;q=0.7,en-US;q=0.6", Content-Type:"application/x-www-form-urlencoded;charset=UTF-8"]
requestBody:username=admin&password=123
三、@ResponseBody
@ResponseBody用于标识一个控制器方法,可以将该方法的返回值直接作为响应报文的响应体响应到浏览器
Httpservletresponse和ResponseBody对比
<a th:herf="@{/testResponse}">通过ServletAPI的Response对象相应浏览器数据</a><br>
<a th:herf="@{/testResponseBody}">通过@ResponseBody相应浏览器数据</a>
@RequestMapping("/testResponseBody")
public void testResponseBody(HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException {
response.getWriter().println("hello,response");
}
@RequestMapping("/testResponseBody")
@ResponseBody
public String testResponseBody(){
return "success";
}
四、SpringMVC处理json
@ResponseBody处理json的步骤:
1、导入jackson的依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
<version>2.12.1</version>
</dependency>
2、开启mvc的注解驱动
在SpringMVC的核心配置文件中开启mvc的注解驱动,此时在HandlerAdaptor中会自动装配一个消息转换器:MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter,可以将响应到浏览器的Java对象转换为Json格式的字符串
<mvc:annotation-driven />
3、在处理器方法上使用@ResponseBody注解进行标识
4、将Java对象直接作为控制器方法的返回值返回,就会自动转换为Json格式的字符串
@RequestMapping("/testResponseUser")
@ResponseBody
public User testResponseUser(){
return new User(1001,"admin", "123456", "男");
}
//浏览器显示数据
{"id":1001,"username":"admin","password":"123456","sex":"男"}
五、处理ajax
1、请求超链接
<div id="app">
<a th:href="@{/testAjax}" @click="testAjax">testAjax</a><br>
</div>
2、通过vue和axios处理点击事件:
链接:https://pan.baidu.com/s/1CyRhL1YsbbrQKV0-jkC9vA
提取码:oy66
<script type="text/javascript" th:src="@{/static/js/vue.js}"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" th:src="@{/static/js/axios.min.js}"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
var vue = new Vue({
el:"#app",
methods:{
testAjax:function (event) {
axios({
method:"post",
url:event.target.href,
params:{
username:"admin",
password:"123456"
}
}).then(function (response) {
alert(response.data);
});
event.preventDefault();
}
}
});
</script>
3、控制器方法
@RequestMapping("/testAjax")
@ResponseBody
public String testAjax(String username, String password){
System.out.println("username:"+username+",password:"+password);
return "hello,ajax";
}
4、把js文件package打包
5、运行结果
六、@RestController注解
@RestController注解是springMVC提供的一个复合注解,标识在控制器的类上,就相当于为类添加了@Controller注解,并且为其中的每个方法添加了@ResponseBody注解
七、ResponseEntity
ResponseEntity用于控制器方法的返回值类型,该控制器方法的返回值就是响应到浏览器的响应报文
目录
3、在处理器方法上使用@ResponseBody注解进行标识
4、将Java对象直接作为控制器方法的返回值返回,就会自动转换为Json格式的字符串