来自对象字段的Python字典

本文翻译自：Python dictionary from an object's fields

Do you know if there is a built-in function to build a dictionary from an arbitrary object? 你知道是否有一个内置函数来从任意对象构建一个字典？ I'd like to do something like this: 我想做这样的事情：

>>> class Foo:
...     bar = 'hello'
...     baz = 'world'
...
>>> f = Foo()
>>> props(f)
{ 'bar' : 'hello', 'baz' : 'world' }

NOTE: It should not include methods. 注意：它不应包括方法。 Only fields. 只有字段。

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#1楼

参考：https://stackoom.com/question/G0D/来自对象字段的Python字典

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#2楼

Late answer but provided for completeness and the benefit of googlers: 迟到的答案，但提供了完整性和googlers的好处：

def props(x):
    return dict((key, getattr(x, key)) for key in dir(x) if key not in dir(x.__class__))

This will not show methods defined in the class, but it will still show fields including those assigned to lambdas or those which start with a double underscore. 这不会显示在类中定义的方法，但它仍将显示包括分配给lambdas的字段或以双下划线开头的字段。

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#3楼

I think the easiest way is to create a getitem attribute for the class. 我认为最简单的方法是为类创建一个getitem属性。 If you need to write to the object, you can create a custom setattr . 如果需要写入对象，则可以创建自定义setattr 。 Here is an example for getitem : 以下是getitem的示例：

class A(object):
    def __init__(self):
        self.b = 1
        self.c = 2
    def __getitem__(self, item):
        return self.__dict__[item]

# Usage: 
a = A()
a.__getitem__('b')  # Outputs 1
a.__dict__  # Outputs {'c': 2, 'b': 1}
vars(a)  # Outputs {'c': 2, 'b': 1}

dict generates the objects attributes into a dictionary and the dictionary object can be used to get the item you need. dict将对象属性生成到字典中，字典对象可用于获取所需的项目。

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#4楼

I thought I'd take some time to show you how you can translate an object to dict via dict(obj) . 我想我会花一些时间向你展示你如何通过dict(obj)将一个对象翻译成dict。

class A(object):
    d = '4'
    e = '5'
    f = '6'

    def __init__(self):
        self.a = '1'
        self.b = '2'
        self.c = '3'

    def __iter__(self):
        # first start by grabbing the Class items
        iters = dict((x,y) for x,y in A.__dict__.items() if x[:2] != '__')

        # then update the class items with the instance items
        iters.update(self.__dict__)

        # now 'yield' through the items
        for x,y in iters.items():
            yield x,y

a = A()
print(dict(a)) 
# prints "{'a': '1', 'c': '3', 'b': '2', 'e': '5', 'd': '4', 'f': '6'}"

The key section of this code is the __iter__ function. 该代码的关键部分是__iter__函数。

As the comments explain, the first thing we do is grab the Class items and prevent anything that starts with '__'. 正如评论所解释的那样，我们要做的第一件事就是抓住Class项并防止任何以'__'开头的内容。

Once you've created that dict , then you can use the update dict function and pass in the instance __dict__ . 一旦你创建了那个dict ，那么你可以使用update dict函数并传入实例__dict__ 。

These will give you a complete class+instance dictionary of members. 这些将为您提供完整的成员类+实例字典。 Now all that's left is to iterate over them and yield the returns. 现在剩下的就是迭代它们并产生回报。

Also, if you plan on using this a lot, you can create an @iterable class decorator. 此外，如果您打算大量使用它，您可以创建一个@iterable类装饰器。

def iterable(cls):
    def iterfn(self):
        iters = dict((x,y) for x,y in cls.__dict__.items() if x[:2] != '__')
        iters.update(self.__dict__)

        for x,y in iters.items():
            yield x,y

    cls.__iter__ = iterfn
    return cls

@iterable
class B(object):
    d = 'd'
    e = 'e'
    f = 'f'

    def __init__(self):
        self.a = 'a'
        self.b = 'b'
        self.c = 'c'

b = B()
print(dict(b))

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#5楼

而不是x.__dict__ ，使用vars(x)实际上更加pythonic。

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#6楼

If you want to list part of your attributes, override __dict__ : 如果要列出部分属性，请覆盖__dict__ ：

def __dict__(self):
    d = {
    'attr_1' : self.attr_1,
    ...
    }
    return d

# Call __dict__
d = instance.__dict__()

This helps a lot if your instance get some large block data and you want to push d to Redis like message queue. 如果您的instance获得一些大块数据并且您希望将d推送到Redis（如消息队列），这会有很大帮助。