锁（下）

在上文中提到了Lock接口以及对象，使用它，很优雅的控制了竞争资源的安全访问，但是这种锁不区分读写，称这种锁为普通锁。为了提高性能，Java提供了读写锁，在读的地方使用读锁，在写的地方使用写锁，灵活控制，在一定程度上提高了程序的执行效率。

 

Java中读写锁有个接口java.util.concurrent.locks.ReadWriteLock，也有具体的实现ReentrantReadWriteLock，详细的API可以查看JavaAPI文档。

 

下面这个例子是在文例子的基础上，将普通锁改为读写锁，并添加账户余额查询的功能，代码如下：

 

import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService; 

import java.util.concurrent.Executors; 

import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReadWriteLock; 

import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantReadWriteLock; 

 

/** 

* Java线程：锁 

* 

* @author leizhimin 2009-11-5 10:57:29 

*/ 

public class Test { 

        public static void main(String[] args) { 

                //创建并发访问的账户 

                MyCount myCount = new MyCount("95599200901215522", 10000); 

                //创建一个锁对象 

                ReadWriteLock lock = new ReentrantReadWriteLock(false); 

                //创建一个线程池 

                ExecutorService pool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(2); 

                //创建一些并发访问用户，一个信用卡，存的存，取的取，好热闹啊 

                User u1 = new User("张三", myCount, -4000, lock, false); 

                User u2 = new User("张三他爹", myCount, 6000, lock, false); 

                User u3 = new User("张三他弟", myCount, -8000, lock, false); 

                User u4 = new User("张三", myCount, 800, lock, false); 

                User u5 = new User("张三他爹", myCount, 0, lock, true); 

                //在线程池中执行各个用户的操作 

                pool.execute(u1); 

                pool.execute(u2); 

                pool.execute(u3); 

                pool.execute(u4); 

                pool.execute(u5); 

                //关闭线程池 

                pool.shutdown(); 

        } 

} 

 

/** 

* 信用卡的用户 

*/ 

class User implements Runnable { 

        private String name;                //用户名 

        private MyCount myCount;        //所要操作的账户 

        private int iocash;                 //操作的金额，当然有正负之分了 

        private ReadWriteLock myLock;                //执行操作所需的锁对象 

        private boolean ischeck;        //是否查询 

 

        User(String name, MyCount myCount, int iocash, ReadWriteLock myLock, boolean ischeck) { 

                this.name = name; 

                this.myCount = myCount; 

                this.iocash = iocash; 

                this.myLock = myLock; 

                this.ischeck = ischeck; 

        } 

 

        public void run() { 

                if (ischeck) { 

                        //获取读锁 

                        myLock.readLock().lock(); 

                        System.out.println("读：" + name + "正在查询" + myCount + "账户，当前金额为" + myCount.getCash()); 

                        //释放读锁 

                        myLock.readLock().unlock(); 

                } else { 

                        //获取写锁 

                        myLock.writeLock().lock(); 

                        //执行现金业务 

                        System.out.println("写：" + name + "正在操作" + myCount + "账户，金额为" + iocash + "，当前金额为" + myCount.getCash()); 

                        myCount.setCash(myCount.getCash() + iocash); 

                        System.out.println("写：" + name + "操作" + myCount + "账户成功，金额为" + iocash + "，当前金额为" + myCount.getCash()); 

                        //释放写锁 

                        myLock.writeLock().unlock(); 

                } 

        } 

} 

 

/** 

* 信用卡账户，可随意透支 

*/ 

class MyCount { 

        private String oid;         //账号 

        private int cash;             //账户余额 

 

        MyCount(String oid, int cash) { 

                this.oid = oid; 

                this.cash = cash; 

        } 

 

        public String getOid() { 

                return oid; 

        } 

 

        public void setOid(String oid) { 

                this.oid = oid; 

        } 

 

        public int getCash() { 

                return cash; 

        } 

 

        public void setCash(int cash) { 

                this.cash = cash; 

        } 

 

        @Override 

        public String toString() { 

                return "MyCount{" + 

                                "oid='" + oid + '\'' + 

                                ", cash=" + cash + 

                                '}'; 

        } 

}

 

写：张三正在操作MyCount{oid='95599200901215522', cash=10000}账户，金额为-4000，当前金额为10000 

写：张三操作MyCount{oid='95599200901215522', cash=6000}账户成功，金额为-4000，当前金额为6000 

写：张三他弟正在操作MyCount{oid='95599200901215522', cash=6000}账户，金额为-8000，当前金额为6000 

写：张三他弟操作MyCount{oid='95599200901215522', cash=-2000}账户成功，金额为-8000，当前金额为-2000 

写：张三正在操作MyCount{oid='95599200901215522', cash=-2000}账户，金额为800，当前金额为-2000 

写：张三操作MyCount{oid='95599200901215522', cash=-1200}账户成功，金额为800，当前金额为-1200 

读：张三他爹正在查询MyCount{oid='95599200901215522', cash=-1200}账户，当前金额为-1200 

写：张三他爹正在操作MyCount{oid='95599200901215522', cash=-1200}账户，金额为6000，当前金额为-1200 

写：张三他爹操作MyCount{oid='95599200901215522', cash=4800}账户成功，金额为6000，当前金额为4800 

 

Process finished with exit code 0

 

在实际开发中，最好在能用读写锁的情况下使用读写锁，而不要用普通锁，以求更好的性能。