Python中对于开发项目的个人感想杂谈

在遇到一个项目之前呢，需要做以下步骤

1，分析项目需要完成那些功能需求

2，抽象出模型，写到models，基于model中的对象，分析有哪些属性，写到__init__方法中，需要打印某些对象的信息的时候，可以写在__str__，某些不依赖于具体实例的方法，如查看新建了多少个实例，可以写为如下：

class BaseModel:
    def save(self):
        """
        使用pickle将用户对象保存到文件
        :return:
        """
        nid = str(self.nid)
        file_path = os.path.join(self.db_path,nid)
        print("step5")
        print("file_path:"+file_path)
        pickle.dump(self,open(file_path,'wb'))

class Admin(BaseModel):
    db_path =settings.ADMIN_DB

    def __init__(self,username,password):
        self.nid =identifier.AdminNid(Admin.db_path)
        self.username = username
        self.password = password
        self.create_time = time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d')


    @staticmethod
    def login(user,pwd):
        """
        管理员登陆，去遍历/db/admin/,pickle.load()
        for item 循环/db/admin/所有文件:
            obj = pickle.load(open(os.path.join(/db/admin/, item)))
            if user == obj.username and pwd == obj.password:
                return obj

        return None

        :param user: 管理员用户名
        :param pwd: 管理员密码
        :return: 如果登陆成功，获取管理员对象，否则 None
        """

class School(BaseModel):
    db_path = settings.SCHOOL_DB
    def __init__(self,name):
        self.nid = identifier.SchoolNid(School.db_path)
        self.schoolName = name
        self.income = 0
        print("step4")

    def __str__(self):
        return self.schoolName

    @staticmethod
    def get_all_list():
        ret=[]
        for item in os.listdir(os.path.join(School.db_path)):
            obj = pickle.load(open(os.path.join(School.db_path,item),'rb'))
            ret.append(obj)
        return ret


class Teacher(BaseModel):
    db_path = settings.TEACHER_DB
    def __init__(self,name,level):
        """
        :param name:老师姓名
        :param level:老师级别
        """
        self.nid = identifier.TeacherNid(Teacher.db_path)
        self.name = name
        self.level = level

    def __str__(self):
        return "老师的名字为："+self.name+"，老师的等级为："+self.level

    @staticmethod
    def get_all_list():
        ret=[]
        for item in os.listdir(os.path.join(Teacher.db_path)):
            obj = pickle.load(open(os.path.join(Teacher.db_path,item),'rb'))
            ret.append(obj)
        return ret

class Course(BaseModel):
    db_path = settings.COURSE_DB
    def __init__(self,name,price,priod,school_id):
        '''

        :param name:课程名
        :param price: 课程价格
        :param priod: 课程周期
        :param school_id:关联学校Id，学校ID具有get_obj_by_uuid方法，以此获取学校对象（其中包含学校信息）
        '''
        self.nid = identifier.CourseNid(Course.db_path)
        self.courseName = name
        self.coursePrice = price
        self.coursePeriod = priod
        self.schoolId = school_id

    def __str__(self):
        return "课程名：%s；课程价格：%s；课程周期：%s；所属学校：%s"%(self.courseName,self.coursePrice,self.coursePeriod,self.schoolId.get_obj_by_uuid().schoolName)

    @staticmethod
    def get_all_list():
        """
        获取所有课程对象
        :return:
        """
        ret=[]
        for item in os.listdir(os.path.join(Course.db_path)):
            obj = pickle.load(open(os.path.join(Course.db_path,item),'rb'))
            ret.append(obj)
        return ret

class CourseToTeacher(BaseModel):
    db_path = settings.COURSE_TO_TEACHER_DB
    def __init__(self,course_id,teacher_id):
        self.nid = identifier.CourseToTeacherNid(CourseToTeacher.db_path)
        self.courseId = course_id
        self.teacherId = teacher_id

    @staticmethod
    def course_teacher_list():
        ret=[]
        for item in os.listdir(os.path.join(CourseToTeacher.db_path)):
            obj = pickle.load(open(os.path.join(CourseToTeacher.db_path,item),'rb'))
            ret.append(obj)
        return ret


class Classes(BaseModel):
    db_path = settings.CLASSES_DB
    def __init__(self,name,tuition,school_id,course_to_teacher_list):
        """
        班级
        :param name:班级名
        :param tuition: 学费
        :param school_id: 学校NID
        :param course_to_teacher_list:[CourseToTeacher,CourseToTeacher,]
        """
        self.nid = identifier.ClassesNid(Classes.db_path)
        self.name = name
        self.tuition = tuition
        self.schoolId = school_id
        self.courseToTeacherList = course_to_teacher_list

模型层完成之后，编写service层，通过service层创建对象实例，如下：

from XuanKe.src.models import School
from XuanKe.src.models import Teacher
from XuanKe.src.models import Course
from XuanKe.src.models import CourseToTeacher
from XuanKe.src.models import Classes
def show_choice():
    show ="""
        0，查看菜单
        1，创建学校
        2，查看学校
        3，创建老师
        4，查看老师
        5，创建课程
        6，查看课程
        7，创建老师课程对应关系
        8，查看老师课程对应关系
        9，创建班级
    """
    print(show)

def create_school():
    name = input('请输入学校名称')
    obj = School(name)
    obj.save()

def show_school():
    print("=======学校=======")
    school_list = School.get_all_list()
    for obj in school_list:
        print(obj.schoolName)




def create_teacher():
    name = input("请输入老师姓名")
    level = input("请输入老师职级")
    teacher_list = Teacher.get_all_list()
    for obj in teacher_list:
        if name == obj.name and level == obj.level:
            print('老师已存在，请重新输入')
            name=''
            level=''
            break
    if len(name)>0 and len(level)>0:
        obj = Teacher(name, level)
        obj.save()


def show_teacher():
    print("======老师=======")
    teacher_list=Teacher.get_all_list()
    for obj in teacher_list:
        print("测试执行")
        print('老师的姓名为：'+obj.name+','+'老师的职级为：'+obj.level)

def create_course():
    print('==========创建课程==============')
    school_list = School.get_all_list()
    for k,obj in enumerate(school_list,1):
        print(k,obj)
    sid = input('请选择学校：')
    sid = int(sid)
    school_obj = school_list[sid - 1]
    name = input('请输入课程名称：')
    price = input('请输入课程价格：')
    period = input('请输入课程周期：')
    obj = Course(name,price,period,school_obj.nid)
    obj.save()
    print('课程【%s】创建成功' % name)

def show_course():
    print("====查看课程========")
    course_list = Course.get_all_list()
    for item in course_list:
        print(item.courseName,item.coursePrice,item.coursePeriod,item.schoolId.get_obj_by_uuid().schoolName)

def create_course_teacher():
    """
    为课程分配老师
    :return:
    """
    print('============创建老师和课程对应关系')
    course_list = Course.get_all_list()
    for k,obj in enumerate(course_list,1):
        print(k,obj)
    cid = input('请选择课程：')
    cid = int(cid)
    course_id = course_list[cid-1]
    teacher_list = Teacher.get_all_list()
    for k,obj in enumerate(teacher_list,1):
        print(k,obj)

    tid = input('请选择老师姓名：')
    tid = int(tid)
    teacher_id =teacher_list[tid-1]
    obj = CourseToTeacher(course_id,teacher_id)
    obj.save()

def create_classes():
   print('============创建班级==============')
   """
   班级
   :param name:班级名
   :param tuition: 学费
   :param school_id: 学校NID
   :param course_to_teacher_list:[CourseToTeacher,CourseToTeacher,]
   """
   name = input('请输入班级名称：')
   tuition = input("请输入学费：")
   school_list = School.get_all_list()
   for k, obj in enumerate(school_list, 1):
       print(k, obj)
   sid = input('请选择学校')
   school_id = int(sid)
   CourseToTeacher_list = CourseToTeacher.course_teacher_list()
   for k,obj in enumerate(CourseToTeacher_list,1):
       print(k,obj)
   inp = input("请选择课程以及对应的老师：")
   inp = int(inp)
   courseToTeacherList=[]
   courseToTeacherList.append(inp)
   obj = Classes(name,tuition,school_id,courseToTeacherList)
   obj.save()

def show_course_teacher():
    print("==============查看课程和老师的关系==========")
    course_teacher_list = CourseToTeacher.course_teacher_list()
    for item in course_teacher_list:
        print("课程的名称为："+item.courseId.courseName+"，对应的老师的姓名为："+item.teacherId.name)

def main():
    print("step2")
    choice_dict={
        '0':show_choice,
        '1':create_school,
        '2':show_school,
        '3':create_teacher,
        '4':show_teacher,
        '5':create_course,
        '6':show_course,
        '7':create_course_teacher,
        '8':show_course_teacher,
        '9':create_classes
    }
    show_choice()
    while True:
        inp = input('请输入选项：')
        if inp not in choice_dict:
            print('选项错误，请重新选择')
            continue
        func = choice_dict[inp]
        result = func()

最后编写bin目录的代码进行项目的启动，作为整个系统的启动入口：

from XuanKe.src.service import admin_service

def execute():
    admin_service.main()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    print("step1")
    execute()

编写完成之后，项目结构如下：

更多测试交流欢迎访问：http://www.bcbxhome.com