基于外键关联的单向一对多关联是一种很少见的情况,并不推荐使用。
基于连接表的单向一对多关联 应该优先被采用。请注意,通过指定unique="true",我们可以把多样性从多对多改变为一对多。
摘自Hibernate Reference
Product与Category是多对一的关系,Product对象维护着对Category对象的参考,如果由Category对象维护对多个Product对象的管理,就是一对多单向关联。
多对一就是从Product端来看,多个产品属于一个分类,每个产品都需要维护各自的Category对象。
而一对多就是从Category端来看,一个Category下有多个分类,Category需要维护多个Product信息。
嘿,不好意思,各位看官,因为恢复系统把之前做的物理数据模型图弄丢了,本来打算一并附上的,现在搞不到了,呵呵。
SQL脚本:(附件中可下载)
-- MySQL dump 10.13 Distrib 5.1.55, for Win32 (ia32)
--
-- Host: localhost Database: hibernate_demo
-- ------------------------------------------------------
-- Server version 5.1.55-community
/*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=@@CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT */;
/*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS=@@CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS */;
/*!40101 SET @OLD_COLLATION_CONNECTION=@@COLLATION_CONNECTION */;
/*!40101 SET NAMES utf8 */;
/*!40103 SET @OLD_TIME_ZONE=@@TIME_ZONE */;
/*!40103 SET TIME_ZONE='+00:00' */;
/*!40014 SET @OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS=@@UNIQUE_CHECKS, UNIQUE_CHECKS=0 */;
/*!40014 SET @OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=@@FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS, FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=0 */;
/*!40101 SET @OLD_SQL_MODE=@@SQL_MODE, SQL_MODE='NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO' */;
/*!40111 SET @OLD_SQL_NOTES=@@SQL_NOTES, SQL_NOTES=0 */;
--
-- Table structure for table `category`
--
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `category`;
/*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client = @@character_set_client */;
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */;
CREATE TABLE `category` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`name` varchar(30) NOT NULL,
`description` varchar(30) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=MyISAM AUTO_INCREMENT=9 DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */;
--
-- Dumping data for table `category`
--
LOCK TABLES `category` WRITE;
/*!40000 ALTER TABLE `category` DISABLE KEYS */;
INSERT INTO `category` VALUES (1,'fruit2','fruit category2');
/*!40000 ALTER TABLE `category` ENABLE KEYS */;
UNLOCK TABLES;
--
-- Table structure for table `product`
--
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `product`;
/*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client = @@character_set_client */;
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */;
CREATE TABLE `product` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL,
`name` varchar(30) NOT NULL,
`price` int(11) NOT NULL,
`description` varchar(30) NOT NULL,
`category_id` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
KEY `category_id` (`category_id`)
) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */;
--
-- Dumping data for table `product`
--
LOCK TABLES `product` WRITE;
/*!40000 ALTER TABLE `product` DISABLE KEYS */;
/*!40000 ALTER TABLE `product` ENABLE KEYS */;
UNLOCK TABLES;
/*!40103 SET TIME_ZONE=@OLD_TIME_ZONE */;
/*!40101 SET SQL_MODE=@OLD_SQL_MODE */;
/*!40014 SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=@OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS */;
/*!40014 SET UNIQUE_CHECKS=@OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS */;
/*!40101 SET CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=@OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT */;
/*!40101 SET CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS=@OLD_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS */;
/*!40101 SET COLLATION_CONNECTION=@OLD_COLLATION_CONNECTION */;
/*!40111 SET SQL_NOTES=@OLD_SQL_NOTES */;
-- Dump completed on 2012-08-16 22:20:47
//Category.java
package com.zyp.examples;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Set;
import javax.persistence.Column;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.GenerationType;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.JoinColumn;
import javax.persistence.OneToMany;
import javax.persistence.Table;
import javax.persistence.CascadeType;
import org.hibernate.annotations.GenericGenerator;
/**
* Category entity. @author MyEclipse Persistence Tools
*/
@Entity
@Table(name="category")
public class Category implements java.io.Serializable {
// Fields
private static final long serialVersionUID = 411764056858459654L;
@Id
@GenericGenerator(name="incrementGenerator", strategy="increment")
@GeneratedValue(generator="incrementGenerator", strategy=GenerationType.IDENTITY)
@Column(name="id")
private Integer id;
@Column(name="name", nullable=false)
private String name;
@Column(name="description", nullable=false)
private String description;
@OneToMany(targetEntity=Product.class, cascade=CascadeType.ALL)
@JoinColumn(name="category_id")
private Set<Product> products = new HashSet<Product>();
// Constructors
/** default constructor */
public Category() {
}
/** full constructor */
public Category(String name, String description) {
this.name = name;
this.description = description;
}
// Property accessors
public Integer getId() {
return this.id;
}
public void setId(Integer id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return this.name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getDescription() {
return this.description;
}
public void setDescription(String description) {
this.description = description;
}
public Set<Product> getProducts() {
return products;
}
public void setProducts(Set<Product> products) {
this.products = products;
}
}
//Product.java
package com.zyp.examples;
import javax.persistence.Column;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.GenerationType;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.Table;
import org.hibernate.annotations.GenericGenerator;
/**
* Product entity. @author MyEclipse Persistence Tools
*/
@Entity
@Table(name="product")
public class Product implements java.io.Serializable {
// Fields
private static final long serialVersionUID = -3046977533702585304L;
@Id
@GenericGenerator(name="incrementGenerator", strategy="increment")
@GeneratedValue(generator="incrementGenerator", strategy=GenerationType.IDENTITY)
@Column(name="id")
private Integer id;
@Column(name="name", nullable=false)
private String name;
@Column(name="price", nullable=false)
private Integer price;
@Column(name="description",nullable=false)
private String description;
// Constructors
/** default constructor */
public Product() {
}
// Property accessors
public Integer getId() {
return this.id;
}
public void setId(Integer id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return this.name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public Integer getPrice() {
return this.price;
}
public void setPrice(Integer price) {
this.price = price;
}
public String getDescription() {
return this.description;
}
public void setDescription(String description) {
this.description = description;
}
}
//hibernate.cfg.xml
这个就不弄了,都一样
//HibernateUtil.java
也不弄了
//HibernateTest.java
package com.zyp.examples;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Set;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
public class HibernateTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//同时保存分类和产品
addAll();
//根据已有分类保存产品
//先添加分类
// addCategory();
// addProduct();
//级联删除
// deleteByCategory();
}
public static void deleteByCategory()
{
Session session = HibernateUtil.getSessionFactory().openSession();
Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();
Category cat = (Category) session.load(Category.class, new Integer(1));
session.delete(cat);
tx.commit();
session.close();
HibernateUtil.shutdown();
}
public static void addAll()
{
Product product = new Product();
product.setDescription("apple2");
product.setName("apple2");
product.setPrice(10);
Product product1 = new Product();
product1.setDescription("orige2");
product1.setName("orige2");
product1.setPrice(20);
Category category = new Category();
category.setDescription("fruit category2");
category.setName("fruit2");
Set<Product> products = new HashSet<Product>();
products.add(product);
products.add(product1);
category.setProducts(products);
Session session = HibernateUtil.getSessionFactory().openSession();
Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();
session.save(category);
//启用级联操作
// session.save(product);
// session.save(product1);
tx.commit();
session.close();
HibernateUtil.shutdown();
}
public static void addCategory()
{
Category category = new Category();
category.setName("fruit");
category.setDescription("fruit category");
Session session = HibernateUtil.getSessionFactory().openSession();
Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();
session.save(category);
tx.commit();
HibernateUtil.shutdown();
}
public static void addProduct()
{
Product product = new Product();
product.setDescription("banana");
product.setName("banana");
product.setPrice(10);
Product product1 = new Product();
product1.setDescription("tom");
product1.setName("tom");
product1.setPrice(20);
Session session = HibernateUtil.getSessionFactory().openSession();
Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();
Category category = (Category)session.load(Category.class, new Integer(1));
Set<Product> products = new HashSet<Product>();
products.add(product);
products.add(product1);
category.setProducts(products);
session.save(category);
//启用级联操作
// session.save(product);
// session.save(product1);
tx.commit();
session.close();
HibernateUtil.shutdown();
}
}
=================== 悲剧的分界线 =========================
中间出了一个错误,困扰了我一个晚上,本来昨晚就应该发布这个文章的。哎,找了这么大一个互联网,就没一篇帖子给出我想要的答案,我晕,难道你们只知道双向关联,不知道单向关联么。。。。
仔细一想,之前的xml配置的时候貌似隐隐的出现了这样的错误,马上解决了。看起来,学习注解的时候,参考一下xml的配置还是有必要的。
Hibernate:
insert
into
product
(description, name, price, id)
values
(?, ?, ?, ?)
22:16:41,718 DEBUG AbstractBatcher:66 - Executing batch size: 2
22:16:41,718 DEBUG AbstractBatcher:418 - about to close PreparedStatement (open PreparedStatements: 1, globally: 1)
22:16:41,718 DEBUG JDBCExceptionReporter:92 - Could not execute JDBC batch update [insert into product (description, name, price, id) values (?, ?, ?, ?)]
java.sql.BatchUpdateException: Field 'category_id' doesn't have a default value
at com.mysql.jdbc.PreparedStatement.executeBatchSerially(PreparedStatement.java:2007)
at com.mysql.jdbc.PreparedStatement.executeBatch(PreparedStatement.java:1443)
at org.hibernate.jdbc.BatchingBatcher.doExecuteBatch(BatchingBatcher.java:70)
at org.hibernate.jdbc.AbstractBatcher.executeBatch(AbstractBatcher.java:268)
at org.hibernate.engine.ActionQueue.executeActions(ActionQueue.java:266)
at org.hibernate.engine.ActionQueue.executeActions(ActionQueue.java:167)
at org.hibernate.event.def.AbstractFlushingEventListener.performExecutions(AbstractFlushingEventListener.java:321)
at org.hibernate.event.def.DefaultFlushEventListener.onFlush(DefaultFlushEventListener.java:50)
at org.hibernate.impl.SessionImpl.flush(SessionImpl.java:1028)
at org.hibernate.impl.SessionImpl.managedFlush(SessionImpl.java:366)
at org.hibernate.transaction.JDBCTransaction.commit(JDBCTransaction.java:137)
at com.zyp.examples.HibernateTest.addAll(HibernateTest.java:67)
at com.zyp.examples.HibernateTest.main(HibernateTest.java:14)
22:16:41,718 WARN JDBCExceptionReporter:100 - SQL Error: 1364, SQLState: HY000
22:16:41,718 ERROR JDBCExceptionReporter:101 - Field 'category_id' doesn't have a default value
22:16:41,718 ERROR AbstractFlushingEventListener:324 - Could not synchronize database state with session
org.hibernate.exception.GenericJDBCException: Could not execute JDBC batch update
at org.hibernate.exception.SQLStateConverter.handledNonSpecificException(SQLStateConverter.java:126)
at org.hibernate.exception.SQLStateConverter.convert(SQLStateConverter.java:114)
at org.hibernate.exception.JDBCExceptionHelper.convert(JDBCExceptionHelper.java:66)
at org.hibernate.jdbc.AbstractBatcher.executeBatch(AbstractBatcher.java:275)
at org.hibernate.engine.ActionQueue.executeActions(ActionQueue.java:266)
at org.hibernate.engine.ActionQueue.executeActions(ActionQueue.java:167)
at org.hibernate.event.def.AbstractFlushingEventListener.performExecutions(AbstractFlushingEventListener.java:321)
at org.hibernate.event.def.DefaultFlushEventListener.onFlush(DefaultFlushEventListener.java:50)
at org.hibernate.impl.SessionImpl.flush(SessionImpl.java:1028)
at org.hibernate.impl.SessionImpl.managedFlush(SessionImpl.java:366)
at org.hibernate.transaction.JDBCTransaction.commit(JDBCTransaction.java:137)
at com.zyp.examples.HibernateTest.addAll(HibernateTest.java:67)
at com.zyp.examples.HibernateTest.main(HibernateTest.java:14)
Caused by: java.sql.BatchUpdateException: Field 'category_id' doesn't have a default value
at com.mysql.jdbc.PreparedStatement.executeBatchSerially(PreparedStatement.java:2007)
at com.mysql.jdbc.PreparedStatement.executeBatch(PreparedStatement.java:1443)
at org.hibernate.jdbc.BatchingBatcher.doExecuteBatch(BatchingBatcher.java:70)
at org.hibernate.jdbc.AbstractBatcher.executeBatch(AbstractBatcher.java:268)
... 9 more
Exception in thread "main" org.hibernate.exception.GenericJDBCException: Could not execute JDBC batch update
at org.hibernate.exception.SQLStateConverter.handledNonSpecificException(SQLStateConverter.java:126)
at org.hibernate.exception.SQLStateConverter.convert(SQLStateConverter.java:114)
at org.hibernate.exception.JDBCExceptionHelper.convert(JDBCExceptionHelper.java:66)
at org.hibernate.jdbc.AbstractBatcher.executeBatch(AbstractBatcher.java:275)
at org.hibernate.engine.ActionQueue.executeActions(ActionQueue.java:266)
at org.hibernate.engine.ActionQueue.executeActions(ActionQueue.java:167)
at org.hibernate.event.def.AbstractFlushingEventListener.performExecutions(AbstractFlushingEventListener.java:321)
at org.hibernate.event.def.DefaultFlushEventListener.onFlush(DefaultFlushEventListener.java:50)
at org.hibernate.impl.SessionImpl.flush(SessionImpl.java:1028)
at org.hibernate.impl.SessionImpl.managedFlush(SessionImpl.java:366)
at org.hibernate.transaction.JDBCTransaction.commit(JDBCTransaction.java:137)
at com.zyp.examples.HibernateTest.addAll(HibernateTest.java:67)
at com.zyp.examples.HibernateTest.main(HibernateTest.java:14)
Caused by: java.sql.BatchUpdateException: Field 'category_id' doesn't have a default value
at com.mysql.jdbc.PreparedStatement.executeBatchSerially(PreparedStatement.java:2007)
at com.mysql.jdbc.PreparedStatement.executeBatch(PreparedStatement.java:1443)
at org.hibernate.jdbc.BatchingBatcher.doExecuteBatch(BatchingBatcher.java:70)
at org.hibernate.jdbc.AbstractBatcher.executeBatch(AbstractBatcher.java:268)
... 9 more
这个问题和之前的一样,都是因为外键设置了非空导致,外键是可以为空的。
为什么呢?
我们不是通过外键关联来保存Product的么,先保存category,然后保存Product,我们在保存product的时候,没有设置主键值,而是从category的id获取,而此时的product 外键要求非空,因此报错。
mysql> alter table product
-> modify category_id int not null;
可以使用上面的语句来重现这个错误。