scala编程系列(5)-scala集set和映射map

在Scala的集合中，分为不可变和可变类型。如array具有可变性，list保持不变。对于set和map来说，Scala同样有可变和不可变的。(这里的可变与不可变是针对其元素)

set类型

set分为可变和不可变类型。默认情况下，它是不变的。

scala> var testSet= Set("This","is","Friday")
testSet: scala.collection.immutable.Set[String] = Set(This, is, Friday)

scala> testSet += "Hello"
scala> testSet
res25: scala.collection.immutable.Set[String] = Set(This, is, Friday, Hello)

scala> println(testSet.contains("Hello"))
true

当需要可变的时，可以import 可变的set

scala> import scala.collection.mutable.Set
import scala.collection.mutable.Set

scala> val testSet1=Set("This","is","Friday")
testSet1: scala.collection.mutable.Set[String] = Set(Friday, This, is)

scala> testSet1 += "Hello"
res29: testSet1.type = Set(Friday, This, is, Hello)

scala> testSet1
res30: scala.collection.mutable.Set[String] = Set(Friday, This, is, Hello)

scala> println(testSet1.contains("Hello"))
true

set类继承图

映射Map

Map也分为可变和不可变的，使用方式和Set一样。

scala> import scala.collection.mutable.Map
import scala.collection.mutable.Map

scala> val testMap = Map[Int, String]()
testMap: scala.collection.mutable.Map[Int,String] = Map()

scala> testMap +=(1 -> "This")
res32: testMap.type = Map(1 -> This)

scala> testMap +=(2 -> "is")
res33: testMap.type = Map(2 -> is, 1 -> This)

scala> testMap +=(3 -> "Friday")
res34: testMap.type = Map(2 -> is, 1 -> This, 3 -> Friday)

scala> println(testMap(2))
is

scala> println(testMap(3))
Friday

快速初始化：

scala> val romanNumeral = Map(1 -> "I",2 -> "II",3 -> "III",4 -> "IV",5 -> "V")
romanNumeral: scala.collection.mutable.Map[Int,String] = Map(2 -> II, 5 -> V, 4 -> IV, 1 -> I, 3 -> III)

scala> println(romanNumeral(4))
IV

其继承图如下：