scala编程系列(14)-实现分数相加的类(下)

继续上篇

9.方法重载

上面写这这么多，但还不能做混合运算。即不能写成r*2，只能写成r*new Rational(2)

package com.mytest.ch2

class Rational(n: Int, d: Int) {
  require(d != 0)

  private val g = gcd(n.abs, d.abs)

  val numer = n / g
  val denom = d / g
  def this(n: Int) = this(n, 1)
  def +(that: Rational): Rational = new Rational(numer * that.denom + that.numer * denom, denom * that.denom)
  def +(i: Int): Rational = new Rational(numer + i * denom, denom)
  def *(that: Rational): Rational = new Rational(numer * that.numer, denom * that.denom)
  def *(i: Int): Rational = new Rational(numer * i, denom)
  def -(that: Rational): Rational = new Rational(numer * that.denom - that.numer * denom, denom * that.denom)
  def -(i: Int): Rational = new Rational(numer - i * denom, denom)
  def /(that: Rational): Rational = new Rational(numer * that.denom, denom * that.numer)
  def /(i: Int): Rational = new Rational(numer, denom * i)
  override def toString = numer + "/" + denom

  private def gcd(a: Int, b: Int): Int = if (b == 0) a else gcd(b, a % b)
}

object Rational {

  def main(args: Array[String]) {

    val x = new Rational(1, 2)
    val y = new Rational(2, 3)
    println(x + y)
    println(x * y)
    println(x - y)
    println(x / y)
    println(x + 3)
    println(x * 3)
    println(x - 3)
    println(x / 3)

  }
}

输出为

7/6
1/3
-1/6
3/4
7/2
3/2
-5/2
1/6

10.隐式转换

上面实现了r+3的形式，但是3+r还是不行。

这里我们可以用隐式转换，把Int转为Rational就行了，这样的话3+r就相当于两个rational相加了

object Rational {

  def main(args: Array[String]) {
    
    implicit def intToRational(x: Int) = new Rational(x)
    val x = new Rational(1, 2)
    println(3 + x)
  }
}

这里implicit修饰符告诉编译器，遇到int类型的，直接转为Rational.

11.结束

Scala给与用户大量设计，使用库的能力。自己设计时应该做到简洁，可读，易懂。这里也学到了构造函数，重载等方法。