Scrapy安装及demo测试笔记

Scrapy安装及demo测试笔记

一、环境搭建

1. 安装scrapy：pip install scrapy

2.安装：PyWin32，可以从网上载已编译好的安装包：http://www.lfd.uci.edu/%7Egohlke/pythonlibs/#pywin32

安装完之后会报如下错误

解决办法，把以下两个文件拷贝到C:\Windows\System32目录下

二、创建scrapy工程（在此用网上别人提供的例子）

1.cmd的方式进到某个指定目录（d:/tmp/）下执行：scrapy startproject myscrapy，命令执行完之后，生成的目录结构如下

2.设置items

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# Define here the models for your scraped items
#
# See documentation in:
# http://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/items.html

import scrapy

class MyscrapyItem(scrapy.Item):
    news_title = scrapy.Field() #南邮新闻标题
    news_date = scrapy.Field()  #南邮新闻时间
    news_url = scrapy.Field()   #南邮新闻的详细链接

3.编写 spider

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import scrapy
from myscrapy.items import MyscrapyItem
import logging
class myscrapySpider(scrapy.Spider):
    name = "myscrapy"
    allowed_domains = ["njupt.edu.cn"]
    start_urls = [
        "http://news.njupt.edu.cn/s/222/t/1100/p/1/c/6866/i/1/list.htm",
        ]
    
    def parse(self, response):
        news_page_num = 14
        page_num = 386
        if response.status == 200:
            for i in range(2,page_num+1):
                for j in range(1,news_page_num+1):
                    item = MyscrapyItem() 
                    item['news_url'],item['news_title'],item['news_date'] = response.xpath(
                    "//div[@id='newslist']/table[1]/tr["+str(j)+"]//a/font/text()"
                    "|//div[@id='newslist']/table[1]/tr["+str(j)+"]//td[@class='postTime']/text()"
                    "|//div[@id='newslist']/table[1]/tr["+str(j)+"]//a/@href").extract()
                  
                    yield item
                    
                next_page_url = "http://news.njupt.edu.cn/s/222/t/1100/p/1/c/6866/i/"+str(i)+"/list.htm"
                yield scrapy.Request(next_page_url,callback=self.parse_news)
        
    def parse_news(self, response):
        news_page_num = 14
        if response.status == 200:
            for j in range(1,news_page_num+1):
                item = MyscrapyItem()
                item['news_url'],item['news_title'],item['news_date'] = response.xpath(
                "//div[@id='newslist']/table[1]/tr["+str(j)+"]//a/font/text()"
                "|//div[@id='newslist']/table[1]/tr["+str(j)+"]//td[@class='postTime']/text()"
                "|//div[@id='newslist']/table[1]/tr["+str(j)+"]//a/@href").extract()
                yield item

4.编写pipelines

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# Define your item pipelines here
#
# Don't forget to add your pipeline to the ITEM_PIPELINES setting
# See: http://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html

import json

class MyscrapyPipeline(object):
    def __init__(self):
        self.file = open('myscrapy.txt',mode='wb')
    def process_item(self, item, spider):
        self.file.write(item['news_title'].encode("GBK"))
        self.file.write("\n")
        self.file.write(item['news_date'].encode("GBK"))
        self.file.write("\n")
        self.file.write(item['news_url'].encode("GBK"))
        self.file.write("\n")
        return item

5.编写settings.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# Scrapy settings for myscrapy project
#
# For simplicity, this file contains only settings considered important or
# commonly used. You can find more settings consulting the documentation:
#
#     http://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html
#     http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html
#     http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html

BOT_NAME = 'myscrapy'

SPIDER_MODULES = ['myscrapy.spiders']
NEWSPIDER_MODULE = 'myscrapy.spiders'


# Crawl responsibly by identifying yourself (and your website) on the user-agent
#USER_AGENT = 'myscrapy (+http://www.yourdomain.com)'

# Obey robots.txt rules
ROBOTSTXT_OBEY = True

# Configure maximum concurrent requests performed by Scrapy (default: 16)
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS = 32

# Configure a delay for requests for the same website (default: 0)
# See http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html#download-delay
# See also autothrottle settings and docs
#DOWNLOAD_DELAY = 3
# The download delay setting will honor only one of:
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_DOMAIN = 16
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_IP = 16

# Disable cookies (enabled by default)
#COOKIES_ENABLED = False

# Disable Telnet Console (enabled by default)
#TELNETCONSOLE_ENABLED = False

# Override the default request headers:
#DEFAULT_REQUEST_HEADERS = {
#   'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8',
#   'Accept-Language': 'en',
#}

# Enable or disable spider middlewares
# See http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html
#SPIDER_MIDDLEWARES = {
#    'myscrapy.middlewares.MyCustomSpiderMiddleware': 543,
#}

# Enable or disable downloader middlewares
# See http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html
#DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {
#    'myscrapy.middlewares.MyCustomDownloaderMiddleware': 543,
#}

# Enable or disable extensions
# See http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/extensions.html
#EXTENSIONS = {
#    'scrapy.extensions.telnet.TelnetConsole': None,
#}

# Configure item pipelines
# See http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html
ITEM_PIPELINES = {
    'myscrapy.pipelines.MyscrapyPipeline': 1,
}

# Enable and configure the AutoThrottle extension (disabled by default)
# See http://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/autothrottle.html
#AUTOTHROTTLE_ENABLED = True
# The initial download delay
#AUTOTHROTTLE_START_DELAY = 5
# The maximum download delay to be set in case of high latencies
#AUTOTHROTTLE_MAX_DELAY = 60
# The average number of requests Scrapy should be sending in parallel to
# each remote server
#AUTOTHROTTLE_TARGET_CONCURRENCY = 1.0
# Enable showing throttling stats for every response received:
#AUTOTHROTTLE_DEBUG = False

# Enable and configure HTTP caching (disabled by default)
# See http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html#httpcache-middleware-settings
#HTTPCACHE_ENABLED = True
#HTTPCACHE_EXPIRATION_SECS = 0
#HTTPCACHE_DIR = 'httpcache'
#HTTPCACHE_IGNORE_HTTP_CODES = []
#HTTPCACHE_STORAGE = 'scrapy.extensions.httpcache.FilesystemCacheStorage'

6.进到D:\tmp\myscrapy\myscrapy\spiders启动爬虫并查看结果：scrapy crawl myscrapy