单元测试

Spring boot 单元测试主要由Junit实现.

一.Junit介绍

1.Junit测试.

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
public class TestConfig {

    @BeforeClass
    public static void beforeClass(){
        System.out.println("单元测试开始之前执行初始化...");
        System.out.println("-----------------------------------------------");
    }
    @Before
    public void before(){
        System.out.println("单元测试方法开始之前执行");
    }
    @Test
    public void test1(){
        assertEquals("比较结果: ", 20, 25 - 5);
    }
    @Test
    public void test2(){
        assertEquals("比较结果", 12, 18 - 5);
    }
    @After
    public void after(){
        System.out.println("单元测试方法结束之后执行");
    }
    @AfterClass
    public static void afterClass(){
        System.out.println("-----------------------------------------------");
        System.out.println("单元测试结束之后执行清除...");
    }
}

@BeforeClass 及@AfterClass 是静态方法.

2.测试验证使用Junit中Assert类的assert方法.

assertEquals("message", A, B)  判断两个对象内容是否相等

assertSame("message", A, B) 判断两个对象是否为同一个

assertTrue("message", A) 判断A是否为真

assertFalse("message", A) 判断A是否为假

assertNotNull("message", A) 判断A是否为非空

assertArrayEquals("message", A, B) 判断数组A, B是否相等

3.Suite一次运行一个或多个测试用例

@RunWith(Suite.class)
@Suite.SuiteClasses({EnvConfigTest.class, TestConfig.class})
public class SuiteTest {
}

二.Springboot单元测试

POM中添加依赖:

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
</dependency>

1.测试脚手架

springboot使用注解来增强单元测试以支持springboot测试.实例:

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
public class TestConfig {
}

@RunWith是Junit标准的注解,告诉Junit单元测试框架使用指定的类来进行单元测试.

@SpringBootTest用于测试Springboot应用程序, 通过启动App程序入口来加载上下文.

2.测试Service

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
@Transactional
public class UserServiceImplTest {

    @Autowired
    private UserService userService;

    @MockBean
    private CreditSystemService creditSystemService;

    @Test
    public void getCredit() {
        int userId = 10;
        int expectedCredit = 100;
        given(creditSystemService.getUserCredit(anyInt())).willReturn(expectedCredit);
        int credit = userService.getCredit(userId);
        assertEquals(expectedCredit, credit);
    }

@MockBean 注入CreditSystemService, given模拟getCredit方法.

以后可以先写接口在写实现.

3.测试MVC

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@WebMvcTest(UserController.class)
public class UserControllerTest {

    @Autowired
    private MockMvc mockMvc;
    @MockBean
    private UserService userService;
    @Test
    public void getCredit() throws Exception {
        int userId = 10;
        int expectedCredit = 100;
        given(userService.getCredit(userId)).willReturn(expectedCredit);
        mockMvc.perform(get("/user/getCredit/{id}",userId))
                .andExpect(content().string(String.valueOf(expectedCredit)));
    }

    @Test
    public void getUser() throws Exception {
        int id = 10;
        String name = "pangyazhou";
        String message = "hello, world";
        mockMvc.perform(post("/user/getUser/{id}/{name}", id, name).param("message", "hello").param("sex", "male", "female"))
                .andExpect(content().string("ok"));
    }

    @Test
    public void test1() throws Exception {
        mockMvc.perform(get("/user/test").param("message", "hello,world"))
                .andExpect(content().string("ok"));
    }
}

@WebMvcTest表明这是一个MVC测试,参数可以传入多个待测试的Controller类.

MockMvc是Spring提供的专门用于测试SpringMVC类.

@MockBean用于模拟实现, 在SpringMvc测试中, Spring容器不会初始化@Service注解的类

perform完成一次MVC调用

4.MVC模拟请求

模拟一个get请求

mockMvc.perform(get("/user/getCredit/{id}",userId)) 

模拟一个post请求

mockMvc.perform(post("/user/getCredit/{id}",userId))

模拟请求参数

mockMvc.perform(get("/user/test").param("message", "hello,world"))

5.比较MVC请求返回结果

@Test
public void now() throws Exception {
    mockMvc.perform(get("/hello"))
            .andExpect(view().name("hello"))
            .andExpect(model().size(2))
            .andExpect(model().attribute("name", "pangyazhou"))
            .andExpect(model().attributeExists("age"))
            .andExpect(redirectedUrl("/login.html"))
            .andExpect(forwardedUrl("/login.html"));
}

6.Json比较

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@WebMvcTest(JsonController.class)
public class JsonControllerTest {

    @Autowired
    private MockMvc mvc;
    @Test
    public void getUser() throws Exception {
        int id = 10;
        String name = "pangyazhou";
        String path = "$.success";
        mvc.perform(get("/json/user/{id}/{name}", id, name))
                .andExpect(jsonPath(path).value(true))
                .andExpect(jsonPath("$.store.*").exists())
                .andExpect(jsonPath("$..book.length()").value(2));
    }
}

三.Mockito使用

模拟任何类和接口, 模拟方法调用,模拟异常抛出

1.模拟对象

@RunWith(MockitoJUnitRunner.class)
public class CreditSystemServiceTest {

    @Test
    public void getUserCredit() {
        int userId = 10;
        int expectedCredit = 1000;
        CreditSystemService creditSystemService = mock(CreditSystemService.class);
        when(creditSystemService.getUserCredit(anyInt())).thenReturn(expectedCredit);

        int credit = creditSystemService.getUserCredit(userId);
        assertEquals(expectedCredit, credit);

    }
}

2.模拟参数

@Test
public void getUserCredit() {
    int userId = 10;
    int expectedCredit = 1000;
    CreditSystemService creditSystemService = mock(CreditSystemService.class);
    when(creditSystemService.getUserCredit(anyInt())).thenReturn(expectedCredit);
    when(creditSystemService.getUserCredit(any(int.class))).thenReturn(expectedCredit);
    when(creditSystemService.getUserCredit(eq(userId))).thenReturn(expectedCredit);

    int credit = creditSystemService.getUserCredit(userId);
    credit = creditSystemService.getUserCredit(userId);
    assertEquals(expectedCredit, credit);
    verify(creditSystemService, times(2)).getUserCredit(eq(userId));

}