Andriod短信

  今天介绍一下，Android系统里的短信功能。

  首先介绍Android系统里怎么发送短信，直接上代码。

manifest代码：

<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    package="com.example.smsdemo"
    android:versionCode="1"
    android:versionName="1.0" >

    <uses-sdk
        android:minSdkVersion="8"
        android:targetSdkVersion="18" />

    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.SEND_SMS" />
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.RECEIVE_SMS" />

    <application
        android:allowBackup="true"
        android:icon="@drawable/ic_launcher"
        android:label="@string/app_name"
        android:theme="@style/AppTheme" >
        <activity
            android:name="com.example.smsdemo.MainActivity"
            android:label="@string/app_name" >
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />

                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
            </intent-filter>
        </activity>

        <receiver android:name="com.example.smsdemo.SmsReceiver" >
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.provider.Telephony.SMS_RECEIVED" />
            </intent-filter>
        </receiver>
    </application>

</manifest>

xml代码：

<TextView
        android:layout_width="fill_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="输入收件人的电话" />

    <EditText
        android:id="@+id/txtPhoneNo"
        android:layout_width="fill_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content" />

    <TextView
        android:layout_width="fill_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="内容" />

    <EditText
        android:id="@+id/txtMessage"
        android:layout_width="fill_parent"
        android:layout_height="150px"
        android:gravity="top" />

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/btnSendSMS"
        android:layout_width="fill_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="发送" />

代码：

public class MainActivity extends Activity {
	Button btnSendSMS;
	EditText txtPhoneNo;
	EditText txtMessage;

	@Override
	protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
		super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
		setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
		btnSendSMS = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btnSendSMS);
		txtPhoneNo = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.txtPhoneNo);
		txtMessage = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.txtMessage);

		btnSendSMS.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
			public void onClick(View v) {
				String phoneNo = txtPhoneNo.getText().toString();
				String message = txtMessage.getText().toString();
				if (phoneNo.length() > 0 && message.length() > 0)
					sendSMS(phoneNo, message);
				else
					Toast.makeText(getBaseContext(),
							"Please enter both phone number and message.",
							Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
			}
		});
	}

	// ---sends an SMS message to another device---
	private void sendSMS(String phoneNumber, String message) {
		PendingIntent pi = PendingIntent.getActivity(this, 0, new Intent(this,
				MainActivity.class), 0);
		SmsManager sms = SmsManager.getDefault();
		sms.sendTextMessage(phoneNumber, null, message, pi, null);
	}

}

效果图：

  发送短信需要用到SmsManager类，新建SmsManager类只需要调用getDefault()方法就可，sendTextMessage方法带有一个PendingIntent参数，该PendingIntent对象用于标识稍后需要执行的目标。如果你需要监视SMS消息发送过程的状态，你可以使用两个PendingIntent包含两个BroadcastReceiver的对象组合在一起，如：

//---sends an SMS message to another device---
    private void sendSMS(String phoneNumber, String message)
    {        
        String SENT = "SMS_SENT";
        String DELIVERED = "SMS_DELIVERED";
 
        PendingIntent sentPI = PendingIntent.getBroadcast(this, 0,
            new Intent(SENT), 0);
 
        PendingIntent deliveredPI = PendingIntent.getBroadcast(this, 0,
            new Intent(DELIVERED), 0);
 
        //---when the SMS has been sent---
        registerReceiver(new BroadcastReceiver(){
            @Override
            public void onReceive(Context arg0, Intent arg1) {
                switch (getResultCode())
                {
                    case Activity.RESULT_OK:
                        Toast.makeText(getBaseContext(), "SMS sent", 
                                Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                        break;
                    case SmsManager.RESULT_ERROR_GENERIC_FAILURE:
                        Toast.makeText(getBaseContext(), "Generic failure", 
                                Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                        break;
                    case SmsManager.RESULT_ERROR_NO_SERVICE:
                        Toast.makeText(getBaseContext(), "No service", 
                                Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                        break;
                    case SmsManager.RESULT_ERROR_NULL_PDU:
                        Toast.makeText(getBaseContext(), "Null PDU", 
                                Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                        break;
                    case SmsManager.RESULT_ERROR_RADIO_OFF:
                        Toast.makeText(getBaseContext(), "Radio off", 
                                Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                        break;
                }
            }
        }, new IntentFilter(SENT));
 
        //---when the SMS has been delivered---
        registerReceiver(new BroadcastReceiver(){
            @Override
            public void onReceive(Context arg0, Intent arg1) {
                switch (getResultCode())
                {
                    case Activity.RESULT_OK:
                        Toast.makeText(getBaseContext(), "SMS delivered", 
                                Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                        break;
                    case Activity.RESULT_CANCELED:
                        Toast.makeText(getBaseContext(), "SMS not delivered", 
                                Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                        break;                        
                }
            }
        }, new IntentFilter(DELIVERED));        
 
        SmsManager sms = SmsManager.getDefault();
        sms.sendTextMessage(phoneNumber, null, message, sentPI, deliveredPI);        
    }

  利用PendingIntent包含两个广播来监听短信的发送过程的。当短信发送时会触发第一个广播，即可以检测发送状态；当短信发送成功或失败就会触发第二个广播，即可以检测短信发送成功的状态。

  如果你不想自己写发送短信功能，你也可以直接调用系统的发送短信的功能，代码：

        Intent sendIntent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW);
        sendIntent.putExtra("sms_body", "Content of the SMS goes here..."); 
        sendIntent.setType("vnd.android-dir/mms-sms");
        startActivity(sendIntent);

  上面说的是短信的发送过程，下面介绍一下短信的接收过程。短信是通过一个专门的广播来接收短信的。下面是广播代码：

public class SmsReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {

	@Override
	public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
		// ---get the SMS message passed in---
		Bundle bundle = intent.getExtras();
		SmsMessage[] msgs = null;
		String str = "";
		if (bundle != null) {
			// ---retrieve the SMS message received---
			Object[] pdus = (Object[]) bundle.get("pdus");
			msgs = new SmsMessage[pdus.length];
			for (int i = 0; i < msgs.length; i++) {
				msgs[i] = SmsMessage.createFromPdu((byte[]) pdus[i]);
				str += "SMS from " + msgs[i].getOriginatingAddress();
				str += " :";
				str += msgs[i].getMessageBody().toString();
				str += "\n";
			}
			// ---display the new SMS message---
			Toast.makeText(context, str, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
		}
	}

}

  手机接收到短信就会触发上面的广播，你就可以把短信的内容从广播里面获取到。以上就是关于Android短信发送和接收的原理。