Springmvc中web.xml的配置详解

首先，web.xml中需要配置的哪些东西？

1.配置监听器<listener>

         它有两个监听器：

          1).

           <!--配置文件加载监听器-->

          <listener>
              <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
         </listener>

          ContextLoaderListener它的作用是启动web容器，(加载配置文件)自动装配applicationContext.xml配置信息(详细配置见下面)。

          2).

                 <!--spring  log4j日志监听器配置-->

 <listener>
       <listener-class>org.springframework.web.util.Log4jConfigListener</listener-class>
 </listener>
 <context-param>
      <param-name>Log4jConfigListener</param-name>
      <!-- 配置文件的位置 -->
      <param-value>classpath:log4j.properties</param-value>
 </context-param>
 <context-param>
     <param-name>Log4jConfigListener</param-name>
     <!-- spring刷新log4j文件的时间间隔 -->
     <param-value>10000</param-value>
 </context-param>

2.部署applicationContext.xml文件

        如果不写任何参数配置，默认的是在/WEB-INF/applicationContext.xml

        如果想要自定义文件名，需要在web.xml中加入contextConfigLocation这个context参数

    <!-- 配置applicationContext.xml -->
 <context-param>
  <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
  <param-value>classpath:applicationContext*.xml</param-value>
 </context-param>

3.配置前端控制器DispatcherServlet:它是拦截请

     <!-- 配置DispatchServlet 的核心控制器 -->

DispatchServlet是HTTP请求的中央调度处理器，它将web请求转发给controller层处理，它提供了敏捷的映射和异常处理机制。
 <servlet>
  <servlet-name>DispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
  <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
 </servlet>
 <servlet-mapping>
  <servlet-name>DispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
  <url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
 </servlet-mapping>

或者：

applicationContext.xml配置文件还可以使用<init-param>标签在servlet标签中进行配置

<servlet>
  <servlet-name>DispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
  <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>

<!-- 初始化applicationContext.xml -->
     <init-param>
        <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
        <param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
     </init-param>

 </servlet>
 <servlet-mapping>
  <servlet-name>DispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
  <url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
 </servlet-mapping>

4.<!-- 错误跳转页面 -->
 <error-page>
  <!-- 路径不正确 -->
  <error-code>404</error-code>
  <location>/WEB-INF/errorpage/404.jsp</location>
 </error-page>
 <error-page>
  <!-- 没有访问权限，访问被禁止 -->
  <error-code>405</error-code>
  <location>/WEB-INF/errorpage/405.jsp</location>
 </error-page>
 <error-page>
  <!-- 内部错误 -->
  <error-code>500</error-code>
  <location>/WEB-INF/errorpage/500.jsp</location>
 </error-page>

5.配置字符集编码

<filter>

<!-- 用来对浏览器的每一次请求进行过滤，加上了父类没有的功能，就是设置字符集编码

，一般只用来配置字符集 -->
   <filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
   <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
   <init-param>
      <param-name>encoding</param-name>
      <param-value>utf-8</param-value>
   </init-param>
   <init-param>
   <!-- forceEncoding用来设置是否理会 request.getCharacterEncoding的方法 -->
      <param-name>forceEncoding</param-name>
      <param-value>true</param-value>
   </init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
   <filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
   <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>

以上就是我们经常会用到的东西。

《*****************************下面贴上一个完整的示例：********************************》

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app version="3.0" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
 xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd">
 <display-name>Web Application</display-name>

 <!-- 读取spring配置文件 -->
 <context-param>
  <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
  <param-value>classpath:config/spring/applicationContext*.xml</param-value>
 </context-param>

 <!-- Spring字符集过滤器 -->
 <filter>
  <filter-name>SpringEncodingFilter</filter-name>
  <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
  <init-param>
   <param-name>encoding</param-name>
   <param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
  </init-param>
  <init-param>
   <param-name>forceEncoding</param-name>
   <param-value>true</param-value>
  </init-param>
 </filter>
 <filter-mapping>
  <filter-name>SpringEncodingFilter</filter-name>
  <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
 </filter-mapping>

 <filter>
  <filter-name>springSessionRepositoryFilter</filter-name>
  <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.DelegatingFilterProxy</filter-class>
 </filter>
 <filter-mapping>
  <filter-name>springSessionRepositoryFilter</filter-name>
  <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
 </filter-mapping>

 <!-- spring log4j监听器配置 日志记录 -->
 <context-param>
  <param-name>log4jConfigLocation</param-name>
  <param-value>classpath:log4j.properties</param-value>
 </context-param>
 <context-param>
  <param-name>log4jRefreshInterval</param-name>
  <param-value>60000</param-value>
 </context-param>

 <listener>
  <listener-class>org.springframework.web.util.Log4jConfigListener</listener-class>
 </listener>

 <listener>
  <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
 </listener>

 <listener>
  <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.request.RequestContextListener</listener-class>
 </listener>

 <!-- springMVC核心配置 -->
 <servlet>
  <servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
  <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
  <init-param>
  <!-- 注解式控制器 -->
   <param-name>dispatchOptionsRequest</param-name>
   <param-value>true</param-value>
  </init-param>
  <init-param>
   <param-name>dispatchTraceRequest</param-name>
   <param-value>true</param-value>
  </init-param>
  <init-param>
   <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
   <param-value>classpath:config/spring/applicationContext-mvc.xml</param-value>
  </init-param>
  <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
 </servlet>
 <servlet-mapping>
  <servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
  <url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
 </servlet-mapping>
 <welcome-file-list>
  <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
 </welcome-file-list>

 <!-- 错误跳转页面 -->
 <error-page>
  <!-- 路径不正确 -->
  <error-code>404</error-code>
  <location>/WEB-INF/errorpage/404.jsp</location>
 </error-page>
 <error-page>
  <!-- 没有访问权限，访问被禁止 -->
  <error-code>405</error-code>
  <location>/WEB-INF/errorpage/405.jsp</location>
 </error-page>
 <error-page>
  <!-- 内部错误 -->
  <error-code>500</error-code>
  <location>/WEB-INF/errorpage/500.jsp</location>
 </error-page>
</web-app>