一. misc结构体
struct miscdevice {
int minor; //次设备号
const char *name; //设备名
const struct file_operations *fops; //操作函数集
struct list_head list; //链表头
struct device *parent; //父设备设备文件
struct device *this_device; //设备文件
const char *nodename; //
mode_t mode; //
};
二. 设备号
misc设备的主设备号为10
#define MISC_MAJOR 10
三. misc设备系统的初始化 misc_init
static int __init misc_init(void)
{
int err;
#ifdef CONFIG_PROC_FS
proc_create("misc", 0, NULL, &misc_proc_fops);
#endif
misc_class = class_create(THIS_MODULE, "misc"); //创建目录"/sys/class/misc"
err = PTR_ERR(misc_class);
if (IS_ERR(misc_class))
goto fail_remove;
err = -EIO;
if (register_chrdev(MISC_MAJOR,"misc",&misc_fops)) //注册为字符设备,捆绑操作函数集
goto fail_printk;
misc_class->devnode = misc_devnode;
return 0;
fail_printk:
printk("unable to get major %d for misc devices\n", MISC_MAJOR);
class_destroy(misc_class);
fail_remove:
remove_proc_entry("misc", NULL);
return err;
}
再看一下register_chrdev
static inline int register_chrdev(unsigned int major, const char *name,const struct file_operations *fops)
{
return __register_chrdev(major, 0, 256, name, fops);
}
这里直接根据主设备号创建256个设备,256=2^8,所以它是把所有的杂项设备都给注册成字符设备了
misc_fops作为这所有misc设备捆绑的操作函数集
static const struct file_operations misc_fops = {
.owner = THIS_MODULE,
.open = misc_open,
.llseek = noop_llseek,
};
在misc_open中,也就是我们打开misc设备的时候,misc_open方法会为我们捆绑自定义的操作函数集
static int misc_open(struct inode * inode, struct file * file)
{
int minor = iminor(inode); //根据设备节点获取次设备号
struct miscdevice *c;
int err = -ENODEV;
const struct file_operations *old_fops, *new_fops = NULL;
mutex_lock(&misc_mtx);
list_for_each_entry(c, &misc_list, list) { //遍历misc_list查看次设备是否注册(misc_list元素在设备注册时添加)
if (c->minor == minor) {
new_fops = fops_get(c->fops); //获取自定义的操作函数集
break;
}
}
if (!new_fops) { //若找不到则再找一次,还不行error
mutex_unlock(&misc_mtx);
request_module("char-major-%d-%d", MISC_MAJOR, minor);
mutex_lock(&misc_mtx);
list_for_each_entry(c, &misc_list, list) {
if (c->minor == minor) {
new_fops = fops_get(c->fops);
break;
}
}
if (!new_fops)
goto fail;
}
err = 0;
old_fops = file->f_op; //获取指向旧的设备操作函数集(misc_fops)指针
file->f_op = new_fops; //文件操作函数集指针指向新的操作函数集
if (file->f_op->open) { //若存在open方法
file->private_data = c;
err=file->f_op->open(inode,file); //则调用其自定义的open方法
if (err) {
fops_put(file->f_op);
file->f_op = fops_get(old_fops);
}
}
fops_put(old_fops); //释放旧的函数集指针
fail:
mutex_unlock(&misc_mtx);
return err;
}
四. misc设备注册 misc_register
int misc_register(struct miscdevice * misc)
{
struct miscdevice *c;
dev_t dev;
int err = 0;
INIT_LIST_HEAD(&misc->list); //初始化链表头
mutex_lock(&misc_mtx);
list_for_each_entry(c, &misc_list, list) { //遍历misc_list
if (c->minor == misc->minor) { //查看设备号是否被占用
mutex_unlock(&misc_mtx);
return -EBUSY;
}
}
if (misc->minor == MISC_DYNAMIC_MINOR) { //判断是否指定要动态分配次设备号
int i = find_first_zero_bit(misc_minors, DYNAMIC_MINORS); //查找可用次设备号
if (i >= DYNAMIC_MINORS) {
mutex_unlock(&misc_mtx);
return -EBUSY;
}
misc->minor = DYNAMIC_MINORS - i - 1; //分配次设备号
set_bit(i, misc_minors); //设置占用标志位
}
dev = MKDEV(MISC_MAJOR, misc->minor); //根据主次设备号获取设备号
misc->this_device = device_create(misc_class, misc->parent, dev,misc, "%s", misc->name); //添加设备文件"/dev/xxx"
if (IS_ERR(misc->this_device)) {
int i = DYNAMIC_MINORS - misc->minor - 1;
if (i < DYNAMIC_MINORS && i >= 0)
clear_bit(i, misc_minors);
err = PTR_ERR(misc->this_device);
goto out;
}
/*
* Add it to the front, so that later devices can "override"
* earlier defaults
*/
list_add(&misc->list, &misc_list); //将设备链表头添加到misc_list中
out:
mutex_unlock(&misc_mtx);
return err;
}
五. misc设备注销 misc_deregister
int misc_deregister(struct miscdevice *misc)
{
int i = DYNAMIC_MINORS - misc->minor - 1; //通过次设备号计算出位标志
if (WARN_ON(list_empty(&misc->list)))
return -EINVAL;
mutex_lock(&misc_mtx);
list_del(&misc->list); //从misc_list删除设备链表头
device_destroy(misc_class, MKDEV(MISC_MAJOR, misc->minor)); //删除设备节点
if (i < DYNAMIC_MINORS && i >= 0)
clear_bit(i, misc_minors); //清除位标志
mutex_unlock(&misc_mtx);
return 0;
}
六. misc简单实例
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/miscdevice.h>
static int test_open(struct inode * inode, struct file * filp)
{
return 0;
}
static const struct file_operations test_fops = {
.owner = THIS_MODULE,
.open = test_open,
};
static struct miscdevice misc_dev={
.minor=MISC_DYNAMIC_MINOR,
.name="misc_test",
.fops=&test_fops
};
static int __init test_init(void)
{
return misc_register(&misc_dev);
}
static void __exit test_exit(void)
{
misc_deregister(&misc_dev);
}
module_init(test_init);
module_exit(test_exit);
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
七. 查看misc信息的方法
加载模块后
lsmod |grep test
test 829 0
ls -l /dev/misc_test
crw-rw---- 1 root root 10, 54 2012-12-18 10:28 /dev/misc_test
ls -l /sys/class/misc/ |grep misc_test
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 2012-12-18 10:33 misc_test -> ../../devices/virtual/misc/misc_test
cat /proc/misc |grep misc_test
54 misc_test