Maven初识

Maven 是一个项目管理工具，它是基于POM的（project object model）

概念

• POM （project object model）, pom.xml 是构建的配置文件
• Goal 目标，代表一个特定的任务（在构建过程中被执行）。Goal可以与一个或多个Phase绑定（可以不绑定）。
• Phase 阶段，不同的阶段按照一定次序排列组成了一个Lifecycle。以下是我们经常遇到的Phase 列表，但不是一个完整的Phase列表。
  • validate
  • compile
  • test
  • package
  • itergration-test
  • verify
  • install
  • deploy
  • clean
  • site
• Plugin 插件，插件提供了多个Goal。Maven为我们提供了丰富的插件（插件列表）。这些插件提供了许多Goal并部分绑定到不同的Phase上，从而组成了功能丰富的Lifecycle。
• Lifecycle 生命周期，每个Lifecycle由不同的Phase列表构成。Maven提供了三个内置的生命周期
  • clean 清理项目
    • pre-clean
    • clean
    • post-clean
  • site 生成项目站点文档
    • pre-site
    • site
    • post-site
    • site-deploy
  • default 项目部署、构建
    • validate
    • initialize
    • generate-sources
    • process-sources
    • generate-resources
    • process-resources
    • compile
    • process-classes
    • generate-test-sources
    • process-test-sources
    • test-compile
    • process-test-compile
    • test
    • prepare-package
    • package
    • pre-integration-test
    • integration-test
    • post-integration-test
    • verify
    • intall
    • deploy

Phase、Goal 组成关系：

插件列表(部分)：

一级：插件

二级：插件提供的Goal

三级：Goal默认绑定的Phase

• clean
  • clean:clean
• compiler
  • compiler:compile
    • compile
  • compiler:testCompile
    • test-compile
• deploy
  • deploy:deploy
    • deploy
  • deploy:deploy-file
• failsafe
  • failsafe:integration-test
    • integration-test
  • failsafe:verify
    • verify
• install
  • install:install
    • install
  • install:install-file
  • install:help
• resources
  • resources:resources
    • process-resources
  • resources:testResources
    • process-test-resources
  • resources:copy-resources
• site
  • site:site
    • test
  • site:deploy
  • site:run
  • site:stage
  • site:stage-deploy
  • site:attach-descriptor
    • package
  • site:jar
    • package
  • site:effective-site
• surefire
  • surefire:test
    • test
• verifier
  • verifier:verify
    • integration-test
• ear
  • ear:ear
    • package
  • ear:generate-application-xml
    • generate-resources
• ejb
  • ejb:ejb
    • package
• jar
  • jar:jar
    • package
  • jar:test-jar
    • package
• rar
  • rar:rar
    • package
• war
  • war:war
    • package
  • war:exploded
    • package
  • war:inplace
• source
  • source:aggregate
    • package
  • source:jar
    • package
  • source:test-jar
    • package
  • source:jar-no-fork
    • package
  • source:test-jar-no-fork
    • package
• dependency
  • dependency:analyze
  • dependency:analyze-dep-mgt
  • dependency:analyze-only
    • verify
  • dependency:analyze-report
  • dependency:analyze-duplicate
  • dependency:build-classpath
    • generate-sources
  • dependency:copy
    • process-sources
  • dependency:copy-dependencies
    • process-sources
  • dependency:display-ancestors
    • validate
  • dependency:get
  • dependency:go-offline
  • dependency:list
  • dependency:list-repositories
  • dependency:properties
    • initialize
  • dependency:purge-local-repos
  • dependency:resolve
    • generate-sources
  • dependency:resolve-plugins
    • generate-sources
  • dependency:sources
    • generate-sources
  • dependency:tree
  • dependency:unpack
    • process-sources
  • dependency:unpack-dependencies
    • process-sources

CLI

cli 格式： mvn [options] [<goal(s)>] [<phase(s)>]

可以通过mvn -h 查询options

例：

mvn clean deploy site-deploy

pom.xml 的配置

maven 提供了一个默认的pom配置，如果我们自己的pom中没有提供相应的配置则采用默认的pom配置。默认配置详情

pom.xml 配置说明：

<project>
  	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  	<name>Maven Default Project</name>
  	<version>${project.release.version}</version>

	<!-- 指定父项目，pom的继承-->
	  <parent>...</parent>

	  <!-- 指定子模块，pom的聚合-->
	  <modules></modules>
	<!-- 变量，可通过${property} 方式引用 -->
   	<properties>
    	<version>0.0.13</version>
		<project.release.version>${version}-SNAPSHOT</project.release.version>
   	</properties>

	<!-- 可通过 mvn -P <[profile id]> 指定用哪个profile-->
	<profiles>
	    <profile>
	        <id>product</id>
	        <properties>
	        	<project.release.version>${version}</project.release.version>
	        </properties>
		<dependencies></dependencies>
	        <build></build>
		...
	    </profile>
	</profiles>

  	<!-- 仓库配置，Maven 自带Id为central的仓库，如果该地方重复指定id为central的配置则覆盖默认central-->
  	<repositories>
  	  <repository>
  	    <id>central</id>
  	    <name>Maven Repository Switchboard</name>
  	    <layout>default</layout>
  	    <url>http://repo1.maven.org/maven2</url>
  	    <snapshots>
  	      <enabled>false</enabled>
  	    </snapshots>
  	  </repository>
  	</repositories>
 
 	<pluginRepositories>
 	  <pluginRepository>
 	    <id>central</id>
 	    <name>Maven Plugin Repository</name>
 	    <url>http://repo1.maven.org/maven2</url>
 	    <layout>default</layout>
 	    <snapshots>
 	      <enabled>false</enabled>
 	    </snapshots>
 	    <releases>
 	      <updatePolicy>never</updatePolicy>
 	    </releases>
 	  </pluginRepository>
 	</pluginRepositories>
	
 	<build>
	 <!-- 以下为默认配置 -->
 	  <directory>${project.basedir}/target</directory>
 	  <outputDirectory>${project.build.directory}/classes</outputDirectory>
 	  <finalName>${project.artifactId}-${project.version}</finalName>
 	  <testOutputDirectory>${project.build.directory}/test-classes</testOutputDirectory>
 	  <sourceDirectory>${project.basedir}/src/main/java</sourceDirectory>
 	  <!-- TODO: MNG-3731 maven-plugin-tools-api < 2.4.4 expect this to be relative... -->
 	  <scriptSourceDirectory>src/main/scripts</scriptSourceDirectory>
 	  <testSourceDirectory>${project.basedir}/src/test/java</testSourceDirectory>
 	  <resources>
 	    <resource>
 	      <directory>${project.basedir}/src/main/resources</directory>
 	    </resource>
 	  </resources>
 	  <testResources>
 	    <testResource>
 	      <directory>${project.basedir}/src/test/resources</directory>
 	    </testResource>
 	  </testResources>
	  <reporting>
  	  	<outputDirectory>${project.build.directory}/site</outputDirectory>
  	  </reporting>
	   <!-- 结束-->

	   <!-- 声明插件，可在插件配置使用而无需指定插件版本号 -->
 	 <pluginManagement>
 	     <plugins>
 	       <plugin>
 	         <artifactId>maven-antrun-plugin</artifactId>
 	         <version>1.3</version>
 	       </plugin>       
 	     </plugins>
 	   </pluginManagement>
		<plugins>
			<plugin>
				<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
				<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
				<!-- 每个插件的configuration下的元素不同-->
				<configuration>
					<source>1.8</source>
					<target>1.8</target>
				</configuration>
			</plugin>
		<plugins>
 	</build> 

</project>