贪吃蛇的C语言实现

目录

一、游戏流程设计

二、游戏实现原理

2.1如何创建并管理数据

2.2如何实现蛇身移动

2.3如何实现食物随机放置

2.4如何检测按键与调整光标位置

三、源代码

3.1 test.c

3.2 snake.h

3.3 snake.c

---

一、游戏流程设计

• GameStart

1. WelcomeToGame：打印欢迎界面
2. CreateMap：打印地图
3. InitSnake：初始化蛇身
4. InitFood：初始化食物

• GameRun

1. SnakeMove：实现蛇身移动
2. EatFood：判断是否吃到食物并对吃到食物进行处理
3. NoFood：判断是否吃到食物并对没有吃到食物进行处理
4. DropByWall：判断是否撞墙
5. DropBySelf：判断是否撞到自己

• GameEnd
  判断游戏终止的条件，并销毁中途创建的数据

二、游戏实现原理

2.1如何创建并管理数据

• 贪吃蛇在吃到食物后节点会加长，为了便于管理数据，简化操作方式，采用链表的形式进行操作。
• 将游戏运行时的状态位全部保存在结构体中管理。

  typedef struct SnakeNode
  {
  	int x;
  	int y;
  	struct SnakeNode* next;
  }SnakeNode,*pSnakeNode;
  
  enum DIRECTION
  {
  	UP=1,
  	DOWN,
  	RIGHT,
  	LEFT,
  };
  
  enum STATUS
  {
  	OK,
  	NORMAL,
  	DROP_BY_WALL,
  	DROP_BY_SELF,
  	ESC,	
  };
  
  
  typedef struct Snake
  {
  	pSnakeNode _pSnake;  //指向蛇头的指针
  	pSnakeNode _pFood;	//指向食物的指针
  	enum DIRECTION _dir;
  	enum STATUS _status;
  	int _food_weight;	//食物权重由速度决定
  	int _score;			//总分数
  	int _sleeptime;		//休眠时间
  
  }snakestruct,*psnake;

2.2如何实现蛇身移动

先移动头节点，打印后续所有节点。因为之前打印了尾节点，所以二次打印时要在原先尾节点的位置打印空格

2.3如何实现食物随机放置

采用rand函数，详见博主另一篇博客：http://t.csdnimg.cn/YJLFO

2.4如何检测按键与调整光标位置

涉及到控制台相关知识，详见博主另一篇博客：http://t.csdnimg.cn/Vyyo1

三、源代码

3.1 test.c

#include"snake.h"
#include<locale.h>

void test()
{
	system("cls");
	//创建贪吃蛇
	snakestruct snake = { 0 };
	//初始化游戏
	GameStart(&snake);
	//运行游戏
	GameRun(&snake);
	//结束游戏 - 善后工作
	GameEnd(&snake);
	SetPos(0, 27);
}

int main()
{
	setlocale(LC_ALL, "");
	srand((unsigned int)time(NULL));
	test();
	
	return 0;
}

3.2 snake.h

#pragma once
#include<windows.h>
#include<stdbool.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<stdio.h>
#include<time.h>
#include<string.h>

#define POS_X 24
#define POS_Y 5

//蛇身/食物 链表
typedef struct SnakeNode
{
	int x;
	int y;
	struct SnakeNode* next;
}SnakeNode,*pSnakeNode;
//方向枚举
enum DIRECTION
{
	UP=1,
	DOWN,
	RIGHT,
	LEFT,
};
//状态位枚举
enum STATUS
{
	OK,
	NORMAL,
	DROP_BY_WALL,
	DROP_BY_SELF,
	ESC,	
};
//总数据管理
typedef struct Snake
{
	pSnakeNode _pSnake;  //指向蛇头的指针
	pSnakeNode _pFood;	//指向食物的指针
	enum DIRECTION _dir;
	enum STATUS _status;
	int _food_weight;	//食物权重由速度决定
	int _score;			//总分数
	int _sleeptime;		//休眠时间

}snakestruct,*psnake;

//游戏开始
void GameStart(psnake ps);

void WelcomeToGame();
void CreateMap();
void InitSnake(psnake ps);
void InitFood(psnake ps);

//游戏运行
void GameRun(psnake ps);

void SnakeMove(psnake ps);
void EatFood(psnake ps, pSnakeNode pn);
void NoFood(psnake ps, pSnakeNode pn);
void DropByWall(psnake ps);
void DropBySelf(psnake ps);

//游戏结束
void GameEnd(psnake ps);

3.3 snake.c

#include"snake.h"

//设置光标函数
void SetPos(short x, short y)
{
	COORD pos = { x, y };
	HANDLE hOutput = NULL;
	// 获取标准输出的句柄
	hOutput = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);
	// 设置标准输出设备上光标的位置为pos
	SetConsoleCursorPosition(hOutput, pos);
}
//打印欢迎界面
void WelcomeToGame()
{
	SetPos(40, 14);
	wprintf(L"欢迎来到贪吃蛇小游戏\n");
	SetPos(42, 20);
	system("pause");
	system("cls");
	SetPos(25, 14);
	wprintf(L"用 ↑. ↓ . ← . → 按键控制蛇的移动，按F3加速，按F4减速\n");
	SetPos(25, 15);
	wprintf(L"加速能得到更高的分数\n");

	SetPos(42, 20);
	system("pause");
	system("cls");
}
//创建地图
void CreateMap()
{
	SetPos(0, 0);
	for (int i = 0; i < 29; i++)
	{
		wprintf(L"□");
	}
	
	for (int i = 1; i <= 25; i++)
	{
		SetPos(0, i);
		wprintf(L"□");
	}
	for (int i = 1; i <= 25; i++)
	{
		SetPos(56, i);
		wprintf(L"□");
	}
	SetPos(0, 26);
	for (int i = 0; i < 29; i++)
	{
		wprintf(L"□");
	}
	SetPos(0, 30);
}
//初始化蛇身
void InitSnake(psnake ps)
{
	pSnakeNode cur = NULL;
	//创建虚拟节点：避免了空指针的判断
	pSnakeNode dummynode = (pSnakeNode)malloc(sizeof(SnakeNode));
	if (dummynode == NULL)
	{
		perror("malloc");
		exit(1);
	}
	dummynode->next = NULL;
	for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
	{
		cur = (pSnakeNode)malloc(sizeof(SnakeNode));
		if (cur == NULL)
		{
			perror("malloc");
			exit(1);
		}
		cur->next = NULL;
		cur->x = POS_X + 2 * i;
		cur->y = POS_Y;
		//头插法
		cur->next = dummynode->next;
		dummynode->next = cur;
	}
	ps->_pSnake = dummynode->next;
	//打印
	while (ps->_pSnake)
	{
		SetPos(ps->_pSnake->x, ps->_pSnake->y);
		wprintf(L"●");
		ps->_pSnake = ps->_pSnake->next;
	}
	ps->_pSnake = dummynode->next;
	//设置属性
	ps->_dir = RIGHT;
	ps->_score = 0;
	ps->_food_weight = 10;
	ps->_sleeptime = 200;  //单位为毫秒
	ps->_status = OK;
}
//初始化食物
void InitFood(psnake ps)
{
	int food_x, food_y = 0;
again:
	do
	{
		food_x = (rand() % 53) + 2;    //2~54
		food_y = (rand() % 25) + 1;		  //0~24
	} while (food_x % 2 != 0);

	pSnakeNode cur = ps->_pSnake;
	while (cur)
	{
		if (food_x == cur->x && food_y == cur->y)
		{
			goto again;
		}
		cur = cur->next;
	}
	//创建节点
	pSnakeNode food = (pSnakeNode)malloc(sizeof(SnakeNode));
	if (food == NULL)
	{
		perror("malloc");
		exit(1);
	}
	food->x = food_x;
	food->y = food_y;
	food->next = NULL;
	SetPos(food_x, food_y);
	wprintf(L"★");
	ps->_pFood = food;
}
//游戏开始总函数
void GameStart(psnake ps)
{
	//准备工作
	system("mode con cols=100 lines=30");
	system("title 贪吃蛇");
	HANDLE houtput = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);
	
	CONSOLE_CURSOR_INFO CursorInfo;
	GetConsoleCursorInfo(houtput, &CursorInfo);//获取控制台光标信息
	CursorInfo.bVisible = false; //隐藏控制台光标
	SetConsoleCursorInfo(houtput, &CursorInfo);//设置控制台光标状态
	//打印环境界面
	WelcomeToGame();
	//绘制地图
	CreateMap();
	//创建蛇
	InitSnake(ps);
	//创建食物
	InitFood(ps);
}


//打印帮助界面
void HelpPrint()
{
	SetPos(64, 14);
	wprintf(L"%ls", L"不能穿墙，不能咬到自己");
	SetPos(64, 15);
	wprintf(L"%ls", L"用 ↑. ↓ . ← . → 来控制蛇的移动");
	SetPos(64, 16);
	wprintf(L"%ls", L"按F3加速，F4减速");
	SetPos(64, 17);
	wprintf(L"%ls", L"按ESC退出游戏，按空格暂停游戏");

	SetPos(64, 18);
	wprintf(L"%ls", L"CSDN@都市隸人");
}
//判断下一节点是不是食物
int NextIsFood(psnake pf, pSnakeNode ps)
{
	return (pf->_pFood->x == ps->x && pf->_pFood->y == ps->y);
}
//吃食物操作
void EatFood(psnake ps, pSnakeNode pn)
{
	//头插法
	ps->_pFood->next = ps->_pSnake;
	ps->_pSnake = ps->_pFood;

	//释放下一个节点
	free(pn);
	pn = NULL;

	//打印
	pSnakeNode cur = ps->_pSnake;
	while (cur)
	{
		SetPos(cur->x, cur->y);
		wprintf(L"●");
		cur = cur->next;
	}
	ps->_score += ps->_food_weight;

	//重新创建食物
	InitFood(ps);
}
//不是食物操作
void NoFood(psnake ps, pSnakeNode pn)
{
	//头插法
	pn->next = ps->_pSnake;
	ps->_pSnake = pn;
	pSnakeNode cur = ps->_pSnake;
	//打印
	while (cur->next->next)
	{
		SetPos(cur->x, cur->y);
		wprintf(L"●");
		cur = cur->next;
	}
	
	SetPos(cur->next->x, cur->next->y);
	printf("  ");
	//释放节点
	free(cur->next);
	cur->next = NULL;
}
//撞墙操作
void DropByWall(psnake ps)
{
	if (ps->_pSnake->x == 0 || ps->_pSnake->x == 56 ||
		ps->_pSnake->y == 0 || ps->_pSnake->y == 26)
	{
		ps->_status = DROP_BY_WALL;
	}
}
//撞到自己操作
void DropBySelf(psnake ps)
{
	pSnakeNode cur = ps->_pSnake->next;
	while (cur)
	{
		if (cur->x == ps->_pSnake->x && cur->y == ps->_pSnake->y)
		{
			ps->_status = DROP_BY_SELF;
			break;
		}
		cur = cur->next;
	}
}
//蛇身移动主函数
void SnakeMove(psnake ps)
{
	pSnakeNode pnextpos = (pSnakeNode)malloc(sizeof(SnakeNode));
	if (pnextpos == NULL)
	{
		perror("malloc");
		exit(1);
	}
	switch (ps->_dir)
	{
	case UP:
		pnextpos->x = ps->_pSnake->x;
		pnextpos->y = ps->_pSnake->y-1;
		break;
	case DOWN:
		pnextpos->x = ps->_pSnake->x;
		pnextpos->y = ps->_pSnake->y + 1;
		break;
	case LEFT:
		pnextpos->x = ps->_pSnake->x-2;
		pnextpos->y = ps->_pSnake->y;
		break;
	case RIGHT:
		pnextpos->x = ps->_pSnake->x + 2;
		pnextpos->y = ps->_pSnake->y;
		break;
	}

	//食物检测
	if (NextIsFood(ps, pnextpos))
	{
		EatFood(ps, pnextpos);
	}
	else
	{
		NoFood(ps, pnextpos);
	}
	//撞墙检测
	DropByWall(ps);
	//撞自己检测
	DropBySelf(ps);
}

//判断按键是否被按下
#define KEY_PRESS(vk)  ((GetAsyncKeyState(vk)&1)?1:0)
//游戏运行主函数
void GameRun(psnake ps)
{
	HelpPrint();
	do
	{
		//刷新打印
		SetPos(64, 10);
		printf("总分数:%d\n", ps->_score);
		SetPos(64, 11);
		printf("当前食物的分数:%2d\n", ps->_food_weight);

		if (KEY_PRESS(VK_UP) && ps->_dir != DOWN)
		{
			ps->_dir = UP;
		}
		else if (KEY_PRESS(VK_DOWN) && ps->_dir != UP)
		{
			ps->_dir = DOWN;
		}
		else if (KEY_PRESS(VK_LEFT) && ps->_dir != RIGHT)
		{
			ps->_dir = LEFT;
		}
		else if (KEY_PRESS(VK_RIGHT) && ps->_dir != LEFT)
		{
			ps->_dir = RIGHT;
		}
		else if (KEY_PRESS(VK_SPACE))
		{
			while (1)
			{
				Sleep(200);
				if (KEY_PRESS(VK_SPACE))
				{
					break;
				}
			}
		}
		else if (KEY_PRESS(VK_ESCAPE))
		{
			//正常退出游戏
			ps->_status = NORMAL;
		}
		else if (KEY_PRESS(VK_F3))
		{
			//加速
			if (ps->_sleeptime > 80)
			{
				ps->_sleeptime -= 30;   
				ps->_food_weight += 2;   //分数权重增加
			}
		}
		else if (KEY_PRESS(VK_F4))
		{
			//减速
			if (ps->_food_weight > 2)
			{
				ps->_sleeptime += 30;
				ps->_food_weight -= 2;	//分数权重减少
			}
		}

		SnakeMove(ps);//蛇走一步的过程

		Sleep(ps->_sleeptime);

	} while (ps->_status==OK);
}


//游戏结束主函数
void GameEnd(psnake ps)
{
	SetPos(24, 12);
	switch (ps->_status)
	{
	case NORMAL:
		wprintf(L"您主动结束游戏\n");
		break;
	case DROP_BY_WALL:
		wprintf(L"您撞到墙上，游戏结束\n");
		break;
	case DROP_BY_SELF:
		wprintf(L"您撞到了自己，游戏结束\n");
		break;
	}
	//销毁链表
	pSnakeNode cur = ps->_pSnake;
	while (cur)
	{
		pSnakeNode del = cur;
		cur = cur->next;
		free(del);
	}
}