Leetcode 94. Binary Tree Inorder Traversal


递归的方法:

public class Solution {
    public ArrayList<Integer> inorderTraversal(TreeNode root) {
        ArrayList<Integer> list = new ArrayList<Integer>();
        if(root != null){
            list.addAll(inorderTraversal(root.left));
            list.add(root.val);
            list.addAll(inorderTraversal(root.right));
        }
        return list;
    }
}



非递归方法:

public class Solution {
    public ArrayList<Integer> inorderTraversal(TreeNode root) {
        ArrayList<Integer> list = new ArrayList<Integer>();
        Stack<TreeNode> s = new Stack<TreeNode>();

        while(!s.isEmpty() || root!=null){
            if(root!=null){
                s.push(root);
                root = root.left;
            }
            else{
                root = s.pop();
                list.add(root.val);
                root = root.right;
            }
        }
        return list;
    }
}

第三种方法Morris Traversal,空间复杂度为O(1):


步骤:

1. 如果当前节点的左孩子为空,则输出当前节点并将其右孩子作为当前节点。

2. 如果当前节点的左孩子不为空,在当前节点的左子树中找到当前节点在中序遍历下的前驱节点。

   a) 如果前驱节点的右孩子为空,将它的右孩子设置为当前节点。当前节点更新为当前节点的左孩子。

   b) 如果前驱节点的右孩子为当前节点,将它的右孩子重新设为空(恢复树的形状)。输出当前节点。当前节点更新为当前节点的右孩子。

3. 重复以上1、2直到当前节点为空。


public ArrayList<Integer> inorderTraversal(TreeNode root) {  
    ArrayList<Integer> res = new ArrayList<Integer>();  
    TreeNode cur = root;  
    TreeNode pre = null;  
    while(cur != null)  
    {  
        if(cur.left == null)  
        {  
            res.add(cur.val);  
            cur = cur.right;  
        }  
        else  
        {  
            pre = cur.left;  
            while(pre.right!=null && pre.right!=cur)  
                pre = pre.right;  
            if(pre.right==null)  
            {  
                pre.right = cur;  
                cur = cur.left;  
            }  
            else  
            {  
                pre.right = null;  
                res.add(cur.val);  
                cur = cur.right;  
            }  
        }  
    }  
    return res;  
}  



复杂度分析:

空间复杂度:O(1),因为只用了两个辅助指针。

时间复杂度:O(n)。证明时间复杂度为O(n),最大的疑惑在于寻找中序遍历下二叉树中所有节点的前驱节点的时间复杂度是多少,即以下两行代码:

1 while (prev->right != NULL && prev->right != cur)
2     prev = prev->right;

直觉上,认为它的复杂度是O(nlgn),因为找单个节点的前驱节点与树的高度有关。但事实上,寻找所有节点的前驱节点只需要O(n)时间。n个节点的二叉树中一共有n-1条边,整个过程中每条边最多只走2次,一次是为了定位到某个节点,另一次是为了寻找上面某个节点的前驱节点,如下图所示,其中红色是为了定位到某个节点,黑色线是为了找到前驱节点。所以复杂度为O(n)。




Morris Traversal 详见网上的一篇博客 http://www.cnblogs.com/AnnieKim/archive/2013/06/15/MorrisTraversal.html









1. Two Sum 2. Add Two Numbers 3. Longest Substring Without Repeating Characters 4. Median of Two Sorted Arrays 5. Longest Palindromic Substring 6. ZigZag Conversion 7. Reverse Integer 8. String to Integer (atoi) 9. Palindrome Number 10. Regular Expression Matching 11. Container With Most Water 12. Integer to Roman 13. Roman to Integer 14. Longest Common Prefix 15. 3Sum 16. 3Sum Closest 17. Letter Combinations of a Phone Number 18. 4Sum 19. Remove Nth Node From End of List 20. Valid Parentheses 21. Merge Two Sorted Lists 22. Generate Parentheses 23. Swap Nodes in Pairs 24. Reverse Nodes in k-Group 25. Remove Duplicates from Sorted Array 26. Remove Element 27. Implement strStr() 28. Divide Two Integers 29. Substring with Concatenation of All Words 30. Next Permutation 31. Longest Valid Parentheses 32. Search in Rotated Sorted Array 33. Search for a Range 34. Find First and Last Position of Element in Sorted Array 35. Valid Sudoku 36. Sudoku Solver 37. Count and Say 38. Combination Sum 39. Combination Sum II 40. First Missing Positive 41. Trapping Rain Water 42. Jump Game 43. Merge Intervals 44. Insert Interval 45. Unique Paths 46. Minimum Path Sum 47. Climbing Stairs 48. Permutations 49. Permutations II 50. Rotate Image 51. Group Anagrams 52. Pow(x, n) 53. Maximum Subarray 54. Spiral Matrix 55. Jump Game II 56. Merge k Sorted Lists 57. Insertion Sort List 58. Sort List 59. Largest Rectangle in Histogram 60. Valid Number 61. Word Search 62. Minimum Window Substring 63. Unique Binary Search Trees 64. Unique Binary Search Trees II 65. Interleaving String 66. Maximum Product Subarray 67. Binary Tree Inorder Traversal 68. Binary Tree Preorder Traversal 69. Binary Tree Postorder Traversal 70. Flatten Binary Tree to Linked List 71. Construct Binary Tree from Preorder and Inorder Traversal 72. Construct Binary Tree from Inorder and Postorder Traversal 73. Binary Tree Level Order Traversal 74. Binary Tree Zigzag Level Order Traversal 75. Convert Sorted Array to Binary Search Tree 76. Convert Sorted List to Binary Search Tree 77. Recover Binary Search Tree 78. Sum Root to Leaf Numbers 79. Path Sum 80. Path Sum II 81. Binary Tree Maximum Path Sum 82. Populating Next Right Pointers in Each Node 83. Populating Next Right Pointers in Each Node II 84. Reverse Linked List 85. Reverse Linked List II 86. Partition List 87. Rotate List 88. Remove Duplicates from Sorted List 89. Remove Duplicates from Sorted List II 90. Intersection of Two Linked Lists 91. Linked List Cycle 92. Linked List Cycle II 93. Reorder List 94. Binary Tree Upside Down 95. Binary Tree Right Side View 96. Palindrome Linked List 97. Convert Binary Search Tree to Sorted Doubly Linked List 98. Lowest Common Ancestor of a Binary Tree 99. Lowest Common Ancestor of a Binary Search Tree 100. Binary Tree Level Order Traversal II
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