golang（1）go语言的安装

环境centos7

设置环境变量

[root@localhost ~]# vim .bashrc
export GOROOT=/usr/local/go
export PATH=$PATH:$GOROOT/bin
export GOPATH=/usr/local/Applications/Go
[root@localhost ~]# source .bashrc

安装依赖性

[root@localhost ~]# yum install  bison ed gawk gcc libc6-dev make

下载go语言压缩包并解压

[root@localhost ~]# tar -zxf go1.15.linux-amd64.tar.gz -C /usr/local

解压完成后可以使用命令查看版本

[root@localhost ~]#  go env
GO111MODULE=""
GOARCH="amd64"
GOBIN=""
GOCACHE="/root/.cache/go-build"
GOENV="/root/.config/go/env"
GOEXE=""
GOFLAGS=""
GOHOSTARCH="amd64"
GOHOSTOS="linux"
GOINSECURE=""
GOMODCACHE="/usr/local/Applications/Go/pkg/mod"
GONOPROXY=""
GONOSUMDB=""
GOOS="linux"
GOPATH="/usr/local/Applications/Go"
GOPRIVATE=""
GOPROXY="https://proxy.golang.org,direct"
GOROOT="/usr/local/go"
GOSUMDB="sum.golang.org"
GOTMPDIR=""
GOTOOLDIR="/usr/local/go/pkg/tool/linux_amd64"
GCCGO="gccgo"
AR="ar"
CC="gcc"
CXX="g++"
CGO_ENABLED="1"
GOMOD=""
CGO_CFLAGS="-g -O2"
CGO_CPPFLAGS=""
CGO_CXXFLAGS="-g -O2"
CGO_FFLAGS="-g -O2"
CGO_LDFLAGS="-g -O2"
PKG_CONFIG="pkg-config"
GOGCCFLAGS="-fPIC -m64 -pthread -fmessage-length=0 -fdebug-prefix-map=/tmp/go-build103336769=/tmp/go-build -gno-record-gcc-switches"

下来构建 Go

[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local/go/src/
[root@localhost src]# ls
all.bash        cmd        fmt           make.bash  README.vendor  testdata
all.bat         cmp.bash   go            make.bat   reflect        testing
all.rc          compress   go.mod        Make.dist  regexp         text
archive         container  go.sum        make.rc    run.bash       time
bootstrap.bash  context    hash          math       run.bat        unicode
bufio           crypto     html          mime       run.rc         unsafe
buildall.bash   database   image         net        runtime        vendor
builtin         debug      index         os         sort
bytes           encoding   internal      path       strconv
clean.bash      errors     io            plugin     strings
clean.bat       expvar     iostest.bash  race.bash  sync
clean.rc        flag       log           race.bat   syscall
[root@localhost src]# ./all.bash   ##使用脚本进行构建
./make.bash:行165: /root/go1.4/bin/go: 没有那个文件或目录

碰见上诉错误
可能是因为 $GOROOT_BOOTSTRAP 变量没有设置。这个目录在安装 Go 1.5 版本及之后的版本时需要设置。

由于在 1.4 版本后，Go 编译器实现了自举，即通过 1.4 版本来编译安装之后版本的编译器。如果不设置该环境变量的话，会产生这样一个错误 Set $GOROOT_BOOTSTRAP to a working Go tree >= Go 1.4. 。

设置 $GOROOT_BOOTSTRAP 变量：

[root@localhost src]# export GOROOT_BOOTSTRAP=/usr/local/go1.4

设置完成后下载1.4版本到下面目录先进行编译

[root@localhost src]#  git clone https://github.com/golang/go.git /usr/local/go1.4
[root@localhost local]# cd go1.4/
[root@localhost go1.4]# cd src/
[root@localhost src]# ls
all.bash        cmd        fmt           make.bash  README.vendor  testdata
all.bat         cmp.bash   go            make.bat   reflect        testing
all.rc          compress   go.mod        Make.dist  regexp         text
archive         container  go.sum        make.rc    run.bash       time
bootstrap.bash  context    hash          math       run.bat        unicode
bufio           crypto     html          mime       run.rc         unsafe
buildall.bash   database   image         net        runtime        vendor
builtin         debug      index         os         sort
bytes           encoding   internal      path       strconv
clean.bash      errors     io            plugin     strings
clean.bat       expvar     iostest.bash  race.bash  sync
clean.rc        flag       log           race.bat   syscall
[root@localhost src]# ./make.bash  ##编译1.4版本完成后再运行1.5版本

[root@localhost local]# cd go
go/    go1.4/ 
[root@localhost local]# cd go
[root@localhost go]# ls
api      CONTRIBUTING.md  favicon.ico  misc     README.md    src
AUTHORS  CONTRIBUTORS     lib          PATENTS  robots.txt   test
bin      doc              LICENSE      pkg      SECURITY.md  VERSION
[root@localhost go]# cd src/
[root@localhost src]# ls
all.bash        cmd        fmt           make.bash  README.vendor  testdata
all.bat         cmp.bash   go            make.bat   reflect        testing
all.rc          compress   go.mod        Make.dist  regexp         text
archive         container  go.sum        make.rc    run.bash       time
bootstrap.bash  context    hash          math       run.bat        unicode
bufio           crypto     html          mime       run.rc         unsafe
buildall.bash   database   image         net        runtime        vendor
builtin         debug      index         os         sort
bytes           encoding   internal      path       strconv
clean.bash      errors     io            plugin     strings
clean.bat       expvar     iostest.bash  race.bash  sync
clean.rc        flag       log           race.bat   syscall
[root@localhost src]# ./all.bash 

安装完成后可以进行尝试

[root@localhost ~]# vim hello-world.go
package main

func main() {
        println("Hello", "world")
}

[root@localhost ~]# go run hello-world.go  ##运行后可以打印出说明已经完成
Hello world